KBR Technology and Engineering Analysis

KBR Technology and Engineering Analysis Introduction to the case: KBR (Kellogg, Brown and Root) is a global Infrastructure business Venture. With 57,000 employees operating worldwide, its a leading engineering, construction and services company. Supporting the hydrocarbon, energy, civil infrastructure sectors and government services, its business is based on project management activities. Headquartered in Houston, Texas; it operates from its locations in Australia, Africa, UK, Asia and the Middle East. It enjoys an eminent and one of the leading market positions in the infrastructure sector. KBR serves its customers through six strategic business units: †¢ Upstream offers engineering related services for energy Projects †¢ Downstream serves business clients in the petrochemical coal gasification markets †¢ KBR Services provides construction and maintenance support services †¢ KBR Technology Manages Intellectual Property Rights. †¢ KBR Ventures Provides Financial and management services to its partners. †¢ Government and Infrastructure (GI) offers construction, engineering and project management services. Leveraging from its GI business expertise, KBR formed a Joint venture with Carillion, another company, creating Aspire Defense. Aspire Defence is to deliver Project Allenby/ Connaught. Project Allenby happens to be the largest infrastructure project, in scale, to be awarded by the Ministry of Defence to the private sector. Aspire defence has three business wings: * Aspire Defence Limited (ADL), responsible for Service Delivery. * Aspire Defence Capital Works (ADCW) delivers the construction. * Aspire defence Services Limited (ADSL) delivers facilities and provides service management support to the project. Our study is to analyse the organization of such a diversified business venture. The report is to study the Organizational behavior and change management systems in place. Our focus would be on Aspire defence. Q1). Leadership and the leadership style used by the company and its relationship with the leadership theories you are familiar with? Leadership is amongst the most important things by which an organization is run. Its the most celebrated of the management traits. â€Å"Effective leadership is the ability to successfully integrate and maximize available resources within the internal and external environment for the attainment of organizational or societal goals† (Ogbonnia, 2007). Leadership styles refer to the leaders decision making behavior, which is resultant of the philosophy, experience and personality of the leader. Leadership styles may be classified as follows (Lewin, Lippitt,and White, 1939): * Dictator: Leader uses fear and threats to impose his decisions. * Autocratic : Centralised decision making. * Democratic : Partcipative decision making. * Free Rein : Maximum liberty allowed to individuals. KBR follows a flat organizational structure, meaning there are only a few layers between the line workers and ownership. Modern Organizations are continuously becoming flatter, with the leadership shunning their â€Å"lazy† dependence on the hierarchy to get the management data together and then disseminating the leadership decisions down the vertical. KBRs hierarchy suggests a Senior Management Team which wants to be involved in the minutest of the business functionalities. They are dynamic enough to control costs and to increase speed of response to customer desires and market changes. Over the years, KBR has done very well to grow from a small fabrication business to one of the most respected, diversified conglomerates of Britain. Its success suggests that the leadership has been effective to maintain the balance between becoming flatter and the social distance required in order to take the big-picture view; to make structured business decisions. ADSL seems to follow a democratic leadership style. Due to lesser hierarchies, employees tend to be self directed, taking initiatives and applying intuition to their daily operations. With ADL solely responsible for service delivery ; ADSL and ADCW entrusted with project execution, the set up provides a framework where each and every role is involved in the decision making process. With the organization slowly moving towards a matrix structure, the management has a very quick access to the cross functional teams. These teams with specific knowledge of different areas of the business venture, provide important inputs to decision making. As with many modern organizations, the leadership style can be explained by the Situational Leadership theories, wherein the management acts on contingency and takes on a leadership style which a particular situation demands. They are completely flexible. Examine the source of the organizations culture and its implications on the workforce and the organizational performance. Cooke and Rosseau define Organizational culture as â€Å"The ways of thinking, behaving and believing that members of a social unit have in common†. Organisations are viewed as independent, its goals differing from those of its members. There are three main sources from which an organization derives its culture: * The national culture * The Vision, Management style of its founder. * The nature of Business. Matching individuals to organizations is an important part of success to any business. The match between people and the organizations they work for, is determined by the type of organizational culture that exists. The extent to which an organizations values match with that of an individual is the prime determinant of the employees work. An organizations culture basically defines an employees role. Being aware of the organizational culture at all levels is important because it is the culture that defines appropriate and inappropriate behavior. In some businesses, for example, creativity is stressed. In others, the status quo is valued. Some cultures are more socially oriented, while others insist task-orientation. Corporate performance depends a lot on this match between the individual and corporate values. Effective management involves maintaining a balance between the two. The core values of KBR are intrinsic to its organizational culture, built upon the highest standards of safety, transparency, disciple, financial accountability among others. KBR has developed an organizational culture where its fundamentals are based on delivering benefits to its customers, shareholders, communities it serves and to its employees. Such an organizational culture has helped KBR to be premier organization delivering projects and services to a global marketplace. Culture acts as a constraint on the actions of managers and workers. Explore how the culture of an organization has impact on both the leadership and the organization structure of the organization. Culture within a company has a huge impact on leadership and the decison making process. Of all the implications, an organizations culture determines the leadership styles and whether the decision making is top down or bottom up. In a top down approach, the leadership is autocratic. Decisions are taken and merely passed down the channels without any inputs from the technical experts who, mostly, are at the bottom of the organization structure. In a bottom up culture, decisions are partly taken by the actual job floor, within their scope. In such a set up, innovative ideas are generated and the company usually fares well because it harnesses the power of many. Entrepreneurial setups, like KBR tend to have a flat organizational structure. Organizational cultures derived from the nature of businesses also define the organizational structure. Heavy equipment manufacturing set ups and Investment Banks usually tend to have flat structures. This is so to allow the management to control the dynamically changing market trends and customer preferences which are very important for them. On the other hand an FMCG company usually has a tall structure. Primarily because of their long distribution, acquisition and logistics chain; and because the customer preferences are fairly stable. Explain the issue of motivation theories, the motivational policies used in the case and its impact on the individual and organization performances. Stephen P. Robbins defines motivation as â€Å"The processes that account for an individuals intensity, direction, and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal.† Motivation, in the modern Organizational context is one of the most important and underlying factors which drives every employee performance. Different scholarly theories have been put forward in the understanding of motivation and its effects on organizational efficiency. The most recognized of these are the Maslows Need Hierarchy Thoery, Douglas Mc Gregors Theory X and Thoery Y, Frederick Herzbergs Two Factor Theory. Maslow states that innate in every employee is a hierarchy of needs- Physiological, Social, Esteem, and Self- Actualisation; in order. He explains that as and when each need is substantially fulfilled, an employee looks to satisfy the next need on the Grid. To retain the most able of its talent, an organization has to dynamically map its personnels competency and their satisfaction levels. Calculated incentives have to be offered to satisfy the next level. Douglas Mc Gregor states that there are two states of human psychology and every compensation structure has to be devised keeping them in mind. Theory X is to be followed by the management when it feels that its employees pessimistic- they dislike work, avoid responsibility, have little ambitions and must be conyinuously supervised. Theory Y is to be used when the employees are optimistic they like work, are self directed, need little supervision. Frederick Herzberg states that certain factors result in job satisfaction, the absen ce of these result in job dissatisfaction. He distinguished them as Motivators responsility, recognition, challenging work, among others and Hygiene factors such as salary and job satisfaction. Motivators give positive satisfaction and hygiene factors do not motivate. But, if absent result, they lead to dissatisfaction. KBR and ADSL have good motivational practices in place. Firstly, it offers its employees a place in an organization that has been growing at a very impressive pace. This results in the employees being secured of their jobs and a chance to grow along with the organization. In tough economic conditions, like the present, job security is amongst the most important motivator which drives an employee performance. It offers a wide range of career opportunities. With clearly defined job specifications and responsibilities, it allows the employees to work in their areas of excellence. KBR recruits the most competent of the managers. Many a times, the primary reason for high attrition rates is the management. With high caliber people in the management, its employees will have the right direction. Such motivators, amongst others, have resulted in KBR being a place where employees work to their full potential. Efficient workforce has resulted in KBR now being one of the most admired business conglomerates. Examine the nature of a team, its structure and how it has an impact on the organization performances. A team in an organizational context is simply, individuals working together towards a common business goal. There are a number of factors that define a teams structure and its success. Leadership: An effective team leader should possess the management skills to establish and maintain a positive working environment; motivate the team to take a positive approach towards the goal. Communication: Clear communication without any ‘noise. Established roles: The team should have clearly established goals and each members role within the framework. Teamwork is an important asset to any organization. Effectively managed teams improve business efficiency. The postulate that â€Å"whole is more than the sum of its parts† works well in a team space. Some of the positive outcomes of effective teamwork are: * Absenteesim becomes a lesser problem. * Decision making is quick. * Tasks are completed in a harmonious way. * Morale remains high. How effective do you think the company approach to people management will be in ensuring improved results and enhancing the change management process? ADSL and KBR have good human resource practices in place. With a global presence and diversified role offerings, it is amongst the most admired work places. The KBR culture nurses autonomy and independent thinking. At the same time, all its projects being team based, it is a place to excel in collaborative, team based activities. It has systems and practices in place for managing change in a systematic and planned fashion. The company treats its employees as its main assets. This is evident from its sophisticated people management culture. Historically, the biggest resistance to change has been the workforce. By managing its people well, it is assuring them continued growth and prosperity within the organization. This will result in change being implemented in a smooth fashion. Explain the way individual and organization behaves, linking this with the relevant theory that you are familiar with. How would these impact on any organisations change process? Individual and organizations are both separate entities. For an organization, its primary goal is the maximization of its stake holders value. For an individual, the personal goals could be earnings, social status, comfort, among others. These goals are naturally conflicting in nature. Individuals perceive Organizational goals, culture and values as impeding to their own goals. Organizations are ultimately made up of individuals, whose behavior and goals will ultimately affect organizational behavior. Individual traits that usually influence organizational behavior are the individual values, ethics, attitudes, personality and culture. These traits may influence organizational behavior, particularly inert in people responsible for creating the corporate culture, for example, the top management (Robbins and Judge, 2006). Individual values and ethics are one of the biggest determinants of organizational behavior. Individual personality is also one of the determining factors. Some of the personality factors which may influence organizational behavior are positivity/negativity, optimism/pessimism, work/social (Penner, Midili, Kegelmeyer, 1997). Cultural differences as well, affect organizational behavior. All these behavioral traits have negative/ positive impact on the Organization. For instance, an Asian employee, who expects a high power distance from their direct line might not work well under a Europeon management, which is more democratic. On the other hand, due to many caste systems in their home countries, they work well with teams of diverse backgrounds. The individual traits described above affect organizational behavior, the larger effects of these are likely to be from the top management. Effective management requires an understanding of these influences at workplace and to absorb them. Workforce is, perhaps, the biggest resistance to organizational change. Organizational change generates anxiety and resistance in employees, making it difficult to implement organizational change (Folger and Skarlicki, 1999). Any management personnels ability in achieving maximum benefits from change depends majorly on how effectively they create and manage an environment that minimizes resistant and encourages acceptance (Coetsee,1999). In order to facilitate a smooth migration from the old to the new, organizations must be competent in effective change management. The process of change management mainly involves in having those involved and affected to accept the proposed changes. Explain how the company has managed its change process and how it has benefitted from this management process? KBR has been responding to change quite well. The firm has undergone drastic changes to its approach since it began operations in 1901. It has diversified in scope and in scale. The business has changed from a small pipe manufacturing firm to a manufacturing conglomerate. The firm has been receptive to change in line with the changing market trends and business needs. Looking back at the number of acquisitions and divestments that KBR has made, it can be said that change management has been a planned and phased transition at KBR. The firm has benefitted from this change. It has been able to tap the growing manufacturing industry and establish itself as a premier enterprise in the area. Put forward some recommendations for future improvement The recent economic downturn has been amongst the most dreaded global disasters of recent times. The fundamentals of many established companies have been questioned and quite a few have failed in these testing times. Infrastructure, after financial services, has been the worst hit. There will be an enhanced pressure from the stake holders for better performance. Competition will be intense and businesses will be on the look out for innovative ways to help raise business. Risk management is of utmost importance. I believe ADSL has to beef up its risk management team. With a deal as long as 36 years, the business will surely see even more volatile periods. Firstly, ADSL has to concentrate on managing its partners better. It has to look to strike deals with its suppliers and hedge its risk exposures. Oil is one such example. There were times when Crude Oil prices rose to as high as over $50 a barrel. An year later, these prices softened by around 40%. Surely, if it had signed a forward delivery contract with its suppliers, it could have absorbed such a massive price change. It has to re engineer its financial flows of the deal. With 36 years of cash flows to happen, there is a high exposure to exchange volatility and inflation. It has to start implementing change in its Network management. A lot of companies, especially the banks, have been laying off its staff in big numbers. With the economy set to get better over the next two quarters, these companies have started a hiring spree; all at huge costs. ADSL should concentrate more on retaining its most able talent and not respond to short term market implications. KBR and ADSL have been responding to change, whether triggered by internal or external factors, quite well over the years. But, there is scale for improvement. The company, with its geographical spread, has leveraged the economies of scale. But there are a lot of economies of scope that it could exploit. Its been in existence for over a century and with its cash rich treasuries, it could diversify into a much bigger conglomerate. KBRs recruiting policy allows entry to all levels of the company. Though this might work good for junior and mid level management roles, it does not hold good for senior management. KBR has to change its behavior towards this area and concentrate more on succession planning. Successful companies have firm succession plans and many huge conglomerates do allow outsiders to take on senior level positions. The same has to be adopted at KBR. This becomes even more profound in the current scenario when information and data security is of prime importance. Bibliography: Ogbonnia, K.S. ,2007. Political party system and effective leadership in Nigeria: A Contingency Approach. Walden University, 2007, p.27 George J.M. 2000. Emotions and leadership: The role of emotional intelligence, Human Relations 53, pp. 1027-1055 Spillane, James P.,2004. Towards a theory of leadership practice. Journal of Curriculum Studies 36 (1): 3-34. Maslow, Abraham ,1954. Motivation and Personality.New York:. Harper. p. 236 Coetsee, L., 1999. From resistance to commitment. Public Administration Quarterly, pp. 204-222. Penner, L. A., Midili, A. R., Kegelmeyer, J. ,1997. Beyond job attitudes. Human Performance, 10 (2),pp. 111-130. Folger, R. Skarlicki, D., 1999. Unfairness and resistance to change, Journal of Organizational Change Management, pp. 35-50. Robbins, Stephen P., 2006. Organizational Behavior. [e-book] Prentice Hall International, Inc., Available at: http://wwwuser.gwdg.de/~uwuf/pdfdatei/orga/Chapt1.pdf [Accessed 25 November 2009]. Organizational culture Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 2009. Organizational culture [Online] Available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizational_culture [Accessed 10 April 2005]. Harris, Stanley G. (1994) Organizational Culture and Individual Sensemaking. Organization Science, Vol. 5,(3): pp. 309-321.

Data Envelopment Analysis and related literature Essay

As already stated, a rich history of literature and research which is demonstrating the importance of processes in analyzing the performance of an organization exists (Chase, 1981; Chase et al. , 1983; Levitt, 1972; Roth et al. , 1995). Especially, Roth et al. (1995; here and in the following) showed that the key drivers are process capability and execution in an empirical way. It was described in their study that an inappropriate design of certain processes and also the poor execution of a process can lead to process inefficiency, and that both process capabilities and people as major factors affect business performance. When estimating the performance of processes usually a number of different outputs have to be taken into consideration. Data Envelopment Analysis, the estimation method described in this chapter and used as a basis for measuring the efficiency of business processes, deals with these multiple outputs by the use of frontier estimation. In this process, it is specifically determined which relative performance amongst multiple inputs and outputs are present. This in turn is achieved by calculating ratios of weighted outputs to weighted inputs, and the determination of the relative efficiency (which is seen as the distance from a peer object to the best practice frontier) compared with the efficiency of other so-called Decision Making Units (Charnes et al. , 1978). Decision Making Units can be defined as firms or public-sector agencies, but also as single processes or process instances (Sengupta, 1995). Data Envelopment Analysis is therefore used in different areas of daily life, for example in education programs of schools, or the production and retail business (Metters et al. , 2003). The Data Envelopment Analysis method was introduced into the operations research literature by Charnes, Cooper, and Rhodes in 1978 (see Charnes et al. , 1978). They presented it as a new nonparametric (meaning it is entirely based on the observed input-output data and not based on the assumption of a normal (Gaussian) distribution underlying the measured parameters) and multi-factor productivity analysis model (Sengupta, 1995). The Data Envelopment Analysis model as it was originally formulated by Charnes, Cooper and Rhodes, later referred to as the â€Å"CCR model†, has the important and critical characteristic of the reduction of the multi-output, multi-input situation for each Decision Making Unit to that of a single â€Å"actual† output and a single â€Å"actual† input. In fact, the respective measurement of efficiency for a Decision Making Unit is identified by the original Data Envelopment Analysis model by developing the ration of weighted outputs to inputs to 3 he maximum under the assumption that alike ratios for every Decision Making Unit are not larger than one (here and in the following Frei et al. , 1999). This in turn results in a number of efficiency scores less than or equal to one, as well as a reference set of Decision Making Units identified as efficient. The method has also come to be known as the â€Å"input-output oriented model†, because by holding outputs constant and at the same time evaluating to what degree the inputs would have to be changed in order for a Decision Making Unit to be considered an efficient one, the overall efficiency score is determined. The also existing â€Å"output-oriented method† is very alike to the input-oriented method. Using this approach, the ratio of weighted inputs in relation to the outputs is minimized in order to be able to evaluate the actual amount that each Decision Making Unit’s outputs have the chance to be improved whilst holding the inputs on a constant level. In summary, in both cases, a Decision Making Unit identified as efficient has no potential for improvement, whereas as Decision Making Units seen as inefficient have efficiency scores that reflect the actual potential for improvement which is based on the achievement of other Decision Making Units. A proportional (linear) program must be carried out for each of the Decision Making Units to be able to define the relative efficiency scores. Because of the use of a linear function, the implied presumption is that the efficient frontier is piecewise linear. As a fact, the original model of Data Envelopment Analysis comes up with a ranking of the different Decision Making Units in the system in a scale of relative efficiency from the lowest to the highest, where the highest is considered to be one hundred percent efficient (Sengupta, 1995).

Sailing to Byzantium

Poetry means many things to people all over the world. Poetry is an outlet or artistic and creative way of telling a story or expressing your emotions. It is something that does not require a lot of skill, but imagination and feeling. â€Å"Sailing to Byzantium† written by William Butler Yeats is a poem that speaks of the craving for something one cannot have and the immortality of people, art and intellect, and greatness. â€Å"Sailing to Byzantium† is a poem based on the theme longing for something one cannot have. In this case the old man in the poem is yearning to be young and live on forever even when his time is up. To escape death and old age the man sails to Byzantium. Byzantium is the opposite of the old man. â€Å"The young in one another’s arms, birds in the trees† and â€Å"The salmon falls, the mackerel crowded seas† are lines from the poem that illustrate the youth and vibrance of Byzantium, the youth and viberance the old man desires. Throughout the poem there are lines that hint about the immortality of people and life. One can continue to live on forever spiritually or by being remembered for having a great achievement or a great impact. In the second stanza Yeats writes, â€Å"An aged man is but a paltry thing. The old man sees age as just a number. His body may be growing older, but his insides are youthful. In the third stanza Yeats writes â€Å"Into the artifice of eternity†. This line can translate into on the illusion of immortality. Finally, in the last stanza Yeats writes, â€Å"Once out of nature I shall never take my bodily form from any natural thing. † Yeats writes that once the old man has passed he will be remembered by a symbol or sculpture much like a royal emperor. He will be represented by any natural thing. In this poem it is important to the old man that he lives on forever in the magnificent paradise of Byzantium. In addition to the immortality of people, the continuous life of art and intellect were written about. In stanza one Yeats writes, â€Å"Caught in that sensual music all neglect, moments of unaging intellect. † These two lines illustrate the immortality of art and intellect. Though some may neglect the elders because the elderly seem to lose their intellect as they age, the older generations were basically bards of education and intellect. Intellect is something that is passed down from generation to generation, it is something that will live forever. â€Å"Sailing to Byzantium† is a poem largely associated with greatness. Byzantium was a paradise. It consisted of salmon-falls, mackerel-crowded seas, gold mosaic walls, Grecian goldsmiths, and a royal emperor. Byzantium was magnificent, just like the idea of immortality. I think Yeats wrote about Byzantium and immortality together because they go hand in hand. William Butler Yeat’s poem â€Å"Sailing to Byzantium† is a poem about greatness and all of its elements. Byzantium was a lively place where it seemed like anything was possible. It was a paradise to escape to. To me â€Å"Sailing to Byzantium† is a poem of inspiration. The poem seemed to make the idea of dying meager because one can live on forever, even past their time.

Jackie Robinson The Colored Comet - 1362 Words

Nick Platek Mrs. Chudy/ Mr. Poitras Learning Fair 6 April 2016 Jackie Robinson: The Colored Comet â€Å"I am not concerned for your liking or disliking, all I care about is you respecting me as a human being,† Jackie Robinson once said (Jackie Robinson Quotes). Through his courage and bravery he was able to change the game of baseball by showing that everybody is equal no matter what color skin you are. He was inspired by his brother to stand up for his race and fight for equality. He was one of the best Major League Baseball players, which showed that just because he was black does not mean he was bad at baseball. Jackie Robinson was born on January 31, 1919 in Cairo Georgia. He was the youngest of his Family. He had three brothers and one sister. His brothers were Mack Robinson, Edgar Robinson, and Frank Robinson. His sister’s name was Willa Mae Robinson. His father’s name was Jerry Robinson and his mother’s name was Mallei Robinson. They were in poverty all their life because Jackie’s dad left right after he was born. Their family got along very well and rarely ever fought. Jackie Robinson got along better with Mack. Mack was into sports and that is how Jackie was inspired to play sports from middle school through college. Jackie’s favorite sport while he was younger was track and field. His brother actually did very well in track too. While he went to Pasadena junior college, he did not play any sports, but as soon he went to the University of California, Los AngelesShow MoreRelatedJackie Robinson : The Colored Comet1384 Words   |  6 Pages Jackie Robinson: The Colored Comet â€Å"I am not concerned for your liking or disliking, all I care about is you respecting me as a human being,† Jackie Robinson once said (Jackie Robinson Quotes). Through his courage and bravery he was able to change the game of baseball by showing that everybody is equal no matter what color skin you have. He was inspired by his brother to stand up for his race and fight for equality. He was one of the best Major League Baseball players, which showed that skinRead MoreJackie Robinson Contributions to the Development of America1866 Words   |  8 PagesThe first man to break the color barrier in Major League Baseball in the 20th century, Jackie Robinson is, to this day, one of the most celebrated baseball players in history. It is only a few times in one’s life that they have the chance to know of someone who’s character could be digested in simply a sentence. Especially a complex person, a complex athelte. Although there aren’t many people like Jackie Robinson. A life is not important, he said, except in the impact it has on other lives. With

Plagiarism And Plagiarism - 1326 Words

Plagiarism is when one use another person’s work or ideas without getting his permission. Oxford dictionary (2015) defines plagiarism as â€Å"The practice of taking someone else’s work or ideas and passing them off as one’s own†. The word origins, based on Oxford dictionary (2015), is coming from â€Å"the early 17th century, from the Latin word ‘plagiarius’ that means ‘kidnapper’†. Although the definition can help us understand better what plagiarism is, it is sometimes hard to know where the line cross between real plagiarisms and actual use of a source, especially in the 21st century when the web and internet sources became popular, easily accessible and widely known. Looking back at plagiarism and to the source of the word it is clear that the act of plagiarism is old and take us back to the first century AD when the roman poet Martial, found that many of his poems are copied by other poets, without his agreement. Martial decided to take an action and write a poem to describe and condemn the phenomenon (Foreman, 2013). Looking at today’s world, probably the word â€Å"plagiarism† took at some point a different twist. Plagiarism is no longer used to mean â€Å"kidnap†, but it is an interesting concept to look at in an historical perspective. Looking at today’s world plagiarism has a tremendous effect on teachers, educational institutions and might even on companies. While institutions are eager to create better thinking students and lecturers are trying to push students to read, write andShow MoreRelatedPlagiarism And The Ethics Of Plagiarism926 Words   |  4 Pagesand parents have heard the term â€Å"plagiarism† while talking about writing essays, poems, and other works. Plagiarism is defined as â€Å"to steal and pass off (the ideas or words of another) as one s own† by Merriam-Webster dictionary. While plagiarism may be denoted as stealing one’s work without credit, a more vast and broad definition usually applies to college level work. Every college and university has their own handbook and code of conduct on what exactly â€Å"plagiarism† is defined as, and what are theRead MorePlagiarism : Plagiarism And Plagiarism815 Words   |  4 Pages There are many types of plagiarism, i ncluding several scenarios of inadvertent and deliberate plagiarism. This essay will discuss how plagiarism is defined, the various types of plagiarism, why plagiarism is such a serious problem, the impact of the internet on academic integrity, and how plagiarism can be avoided. It will also provide suggestions on ways to eliminate both inadvertent and deliberate plagiarism. There are several ways to define plagiarism. One such definition, according to the RegisRead MorePlagiarism : What Is Plagiarism?1583 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is Plagiarism? Plagiarism is using someone else’s work, words, production, researches and ideas without the approval or the acknowledgment of the writer or producer, and claiming the credit for himself. Many reasons and factors are attributed for the use of plagiarism and could be cultural, historical, linguistic, environmental and educational background. Plagiarism is a form of an academic dishonesty, academic misconduct, and a digital cheating. It is declared to be an unacceptable legal actRead MorePlagiarism And The Consequences Of Plagiarism1379 Words   |  6 Pages In this paper we will cover plagiarism. We will cover a brief history of plagiarism and look at the different types of plagiarism, as well as compare and contrast the different types. We will also look at who is most prone to plagiarize and why. We will also discuss the role plagiarism plays in academia and the consequences to plagiarizing. Webster’s online Dictionary defines plagiarism as â€Å"to steal and pass off (the ideas or words of another) as one s own: use (another s production) withoutRead MorePlagiarism2189 Words   |  9 PagesPlagiarism: Why it Continues to Occur? Darian Camacho English 111, Section 11 Professor Coulter March 21, 2013 Plagiarism: Why it Continues to Occur? The increase in plagiarism has gained the attention of many institutions, administrators and educators, as well as researchers and the public. This increase has brought to attention the concern of why plagiarism continues to occur. In order to debate this concern we should first understand the definition and background of plagiarism, theRead MorePlagiarism And Academic Integrity : Plagiarism1305 Words   |  6 PagesPlagiarism is a topic that is consistently brought up in many areas of education.1 In every syllabus presented to students, there is a section that refers to plagiarism and academic integrity. Plagiarism can be defined as â€Å"the act or instance of stealing or passing off ideas or words of another as one’s own.†2 Despite this being an important piece of information; students may overlook this material and still plagiarize. In a study from the University of Toronto, 90% of senior pharmacy students admittedRead MorePlagiarism Habits Of Politicians : Plagia rism876 Words   |  4 PagesReshma Shrestha Dr. Lynn R.Brink Government 2305-71001 11th September, 2016 Plagiarism Habits of Politicians The word Plagiarism means, it is an acknowledgement that something came from other source or imitates from other s work. Plagiarism is also considered as copying words or ideas from someone else without giving credit. In these articles, Evan Osnos describes plagiarism in different field and their negative impact. Mainly, our society also practiced this even they know it is notRead MorePlagiarism605 Words   |  3 PagesTitle : A theft of works among the students : Plagiarism. During the antiquity, it exists an ancient concept called plagiarism. Plagiarism is happened when a student fail to properly document and give attribution to the source of ideas and text in his work. Alongside with the commercialization of writing, the concept of copyright and the rights given to authors has developed (VAIL Faculty Administrator, 1996-2003). However, the problem of plagiarism has been increased nowadays and became a highlyRead MorePlagiarism And Politics : Plagiarism927 Words   |  4 PagesSaroj Dahal Professor Dr. Sharon Manna GOVT 2305-71005 19 Sep, 2016 Plagiarism and politics Plagiarism is an act of stealing someone else’s original ideas or thoughts (either written or oral) and copying it either exactly in a same way or remixing it, without giving credit to the owner. In today’s world, Plagiarism is omnipresent. People try to imitate others watching them in TVs, movies, and songs which tend them to plagiarize knowingly or accidentally. It can be found in almost all fields likeRead MoreEssay on Plagiarism1301 Words   |  6 Pagescode of conduct at Clarion University plagiarism is â€Å"the use of anothers words without attribution and without enclosing the words in quotation marks. Plagiarism may also be defined as the act of taking the ideas or expressions of ideas of another person and representing them as ones own--even if the original paper has been paraphrased or otherwise modified.† (â€Å"Department of Nursing† ) A lot of people, including myself have been confused of what plagiarism really means. Through my research I found

Child Development Stages - 1244 Words

As children grow towards adolescence they go through many stages of development. Child development refers to the stages of physical, cognitive, emotional, social, and language growth that occurs from the birth to beginning of adulthood. All aspects of a childs development may be affected by many different factors, including a poor learning environment, lack of social interaction, cultural background differences, abuse, and loss of a parent. All of the before mentioned examples can affect the childs maturation, a biological growth process that enables orderly changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience (Myers 172). Children grow and mature at very different rates, some faster than others, which is why it is necessary†¦show more content†¦Taking care of someone who has been hurt, showing appropriate behavior in any situation, expressing gratitude, and sharing feelings are all examples of how a child develops emotionally. Like any type of skill, young children develop these abilities in small steps over time. Factors outside of the daycare setting can hinder and delay emotional development, but it is still important for the child to be exposed to a positive social setting in order to progress emotionally. Social development involves learning the values, knowledge and skills that enable children to relate to others effectively and to contribute in positive ways to family, school, and the community (kidsmatter.edu). While Piaget emphasized that a childs mind grows through interaction with the physical environment, Lev Vygotsky, a Russian psychologist, emphasized that a childs mind grows through interaction with the social environment (Meyers 179). Vygotsky believed that social factors, mainly language, contributes to a childs cognitive development. While both theories may be right, a strong balance of the two would be most influential in a childs development. Children gain a sense of who they are through their relationships with friends and family. As these important factors help them develop socially, children still respond to the influences around them and play an active part in shaping their relationships (kidsmatter.edu). ByShow MoreRelatedStages of Child Development804 Words   |  4 Pagesgenerations yes, but also to aid in the development of the student in all aspects. Some students have a harder time developing the whole person, meaning that they have a harder time developing the physical, cognitive, and emotional-social parts of themselves all at the same time and pace. A student observation of a typical 2nd grade classroom was completed and one child stood out among the rest in his setting in both of their characteristics and stages of development. In order to protect the rights ofRead MoreDevelopmental Stages Of Child Development1146 Words   |  5 PagesEvery child is different, and so is every parent s experience; but experts have gained a clear idea about the range of normal development from birth to the time of a person’s death. Although most child development experiences are not going to be the same due to the differentiation between culture and genetics, there are developmental milestones every child should experience within a certain range of age. Some of the most apparent factors of a child’s developmental stages are genetics, parentingRead MoreChild Development Stages 0-19905 Words   |  4 PagesChildren’s Development from 0 to 19 years Stages of Child Development: Age ofChild: | Illustration: | Physical Development | Intellectual /Cognitive Development | Social Development | Emotional Development | 0 - 3 | | 0-3 Months: * Tries to lift head. * Begins to hold objects when placed in hand.3-9 Months: * Establishes head control * Begins to sit with support from about 6 months un-supported.9-18 Months: * Is now very mobile e.g. crawls, bottom-shuffles, cruises, walks.18Read MoreWhat Are Three Stages of Child Development3389 Words   |  14 PagesWhat are the three stages of child development Write two paragraphs on each of the two sub-phases of the first stage 0 to 6 years. Child development refers to the biological and psychological and emotional changes that occur in human beings between birth and the end of adolescence, as the individual progresses from dependency to increasing autonomy. Because these developmental changes may be strongly influenced by geneticRead MoreThe Principles, Sequences And Stages Of A Child s Growth And Development1284 Words   |  6 PagesThe principles, sequences and stages of a child s growth and development. This includes Social development, Physical Development, Intellectual development and communication development. Physical development outlines the basic body changes which you begin to develop such as fine motor skills, which is like writing and so on. This also includes social development, where you will meet new people everyday and interact with them, and become more involved in the relationships you will share with othersRead MoreEssay on Main Stages of Child Development from Birth to 19 Years5588 Words   |  23 PagesMain stages of child development from birth to 19 years 1. From birth to 19 years of age, children and young people tend to follow a broad developmental plan. Although children and young people are different, the way they grow and develop is often quite similar. This means we can work out a pattern for development and from this we can pinpoint particular skills or milestones that most children can do at different age ranges. Milestones describe when particular skills are achieved, such asRead MoreErikson s Stages Of Development And Child Directed Speech862 Words   |  4 Pagesamongst many more things. Their psychological development and interactions with their social environment change along with their forms of communication as they mature and learn; all of which can be seen and explained in Erikson’s stages of development and child-directed speech. According to Erik Erikson, a developmental psychologist and psychoanalyst, from birth to 1 year of age, children psychosocially go through the stage of Trust vs. Mistrust. At this stage infants either trust they will be taken careRead MoreBasic Normal Stages of Child Development Essay example3282 Words   |  14 PagesBasic Normal Stages of Child Development This section is a brief overview of child development looking at children from birth to the age of five. It is easiest show this information as part of a table as it enables us to compare different parts of a child’s development along side each other. It is also very important to realise that the ages and time frames shown in the table have been taken from the average ages and would not be cause for concern if a child developed slightlyRead MoreDevelopment Stages of a Child565 Words   |  2 PagesAccording to Freud, the child develops socially through a series of ‘psychosexual stages’ e.g. oral, anal, phallic, latency and genital. The first three psychosexual stages are focused on more as they span the important first five years in which the id, ego and superego develop. Fixation, when libido (sexual pleasure drive) is locked into a stage, determines personality and is caused by either frustration or overindulgence. If a child is fixated in the oral stage for example, as a result of frustrationRead More Erik Erikson’s Stages of Child Development Essay1170 Words   |  5 Pageseight stages of human development, which last throughout an entire life-span. Throughout each developmental stage, each developmental task presents a catastrophe for the individual. Erikson defined catastrophe as â€Å"a turning point of increased vulnerability and enhanced potent ial† (Santrock 73). Each of Erikson’s developmental stages is presented in such a way that the negatives and positives are clearly defined. Although there are eight developmental stages, five pertain to a child’s development.

Concept of Film Induced Tourism

Question: Describe about the concept of film induced tourism? Answer: Introduction In this particular chapter, researcher demonstrated the data analysis report of that gather from visitors in Leavesden. With the help of quantitative data analysis method, researcher collect data through online interview of selected 100 tourists. The information that gathered from the interview of visitors helps in increasing the quality of researcher and allows the researcher in providing practical example in researcher work. According to (), data analysis helps the researcher in implementing and evaluating the theoretical knowledge into practical approach. Apart from that, through data analysis method, researcher generate the involve limitations and complexities of study such as lack of genuineness regarding information, data manipulation, and other related method. Quantitative Data Analysis The visitors or tourists are considered for quantitative analysis at Leavesden. Through the analysis of information via interviewing the visitors, researcher was able to make a conclusion regarding the film induced of tourism. The total number of respondents for data analysis was 100. Researcher asked some set questionnaires to the respondents that relevant to conduct the study properly. Analysis of male and female of respondents Options Number of respondents Total Respondents Response Rate Female 38 100 38% Male 62 100 62% Findings In response to this question, it has been identified that only 38 % people were female who visited the spot of Leavesden. On the other hand, 62% out of selected respondents were male. Discussion When researcher ask this question, there were less respondents who female. The majority of respondents were male. According to them, female mostly like to visits the pleasure spot instead of visiting those spot where film shoots. The male respondents said that they like to visitor those place where they get adventure and able learn new things. However, ion the literature review part it has been identified that destination image attract people most to visit the tourist spot. Age Options Number of respondents Total Respondents Response Rate 17 or Younger 5 100 5% 18 to 20 13 100 13% 21 to 29 22 100 22% 30 to 39 37 100 37% 40 to 49 11 100 11% 50 to 59 2 100 2% 60 or Older 10 100 10% Findings According to researcher, identification of age is more important in order to induced film tourism. However, during the data analysis, researcher asked the question to selected respondents in terms of knowing their age. The visitors, who were selected as respondents for interview was not much younger. There were only 5 people out of 100 who were belonging from age 17 or younger. 13 respondents belong from age between 18 and 20. 22 respondents said that their age between 21 and 29. Majority of selected respondents belong from 30 to 39 (37 out of 100). The age of 11 people out of 100 respondents were 40 to 49. 2 respondents were from 50 to 59 and 10 of them were from 60 or older. Discussion According to the respondents, majority of people like to visit tourists spot or the famous spot like Warner Bros Studio in middle age such as 30 to 39. The younger people who were belong the age from 17 to 30 like to visit the educational spot in their tourism. The older people whose age between 50 or above like to visit the pleasure spot rather than the adventure place. Nationality of respondents Options Number of respondents Total Respondents Response Rate United Kingdom 23 100 23% United State 27 100 27% Japan 9 100 9% Canada 18 100 18% India 14 100 14% China 9 100 9% Findings In reply to this question, 23% respondents said that they were from United Kingdom. On the other hand, 27% respondents were from United State of America and only 9% from Japan. From Moreover, there were 18% respondents from Canada and 14% out of 100 were from India. Furthermore, some of the respondents belong from China country. The percentage of China respondents were 9%. Discussion In order to conduct the study on film induced tourism, researcher collected information from the visitors regarding track the people from which country visit more in the tourist spot in Europe. Therefore, it has been identified that 23% of selected respondents were from the different parts of UK and 27% were from the United State. People of Japan and Canada along with India and China also visited the tourists spot in Europe region. It is seen that Frequency of travel Options Number of respondents Total Respondents Response Rate Weekly 7 100 7% Monthly 16 100 16% Twice in a Year 39 100 39% Yearly 38 100 38% Findings 7 people out of 100 respondents said that they travel weekly. However, 16 respondents said that they travel monthly. Majority of respondents such as 39 out of 100 said that they travel twice in a year and rest of 38 respondents said that they travel yearly. Discussion In reply to this question, researcher got the information about the time of travel According to the respondents, in these days of busy schedule, people has not much time to visits spot to spot in regular interval. Therefore, majority of people travel once or twice in a year. On the other hand, some of the respondents commented that they travel weekly for business proposes. There were also some respondents who were travel monthly said that they travel for educational purpose or regarding business. Reason of travel Options Number of respondents Total Respondents Response Rate Business 17 100 17% Education 19 100 19% Pleasure 57 100 57% Other 25 100 25% Findings 17 out of 100 replied that they travel for business and 19 of them said for education they mainly travel from one place to another in Europe. 57 out of 100 said that they travel for pleasure in here and there particularly n popular place in Europe. Rest of the respondents 25 out of 100 said that there are several reason for travelling to Europe. Discussion According to the selected respondents, business and pleasure are the main reason of travelling from one place to another in Europe. The people who mainly come from United State said that they visited to Europe for business. However, the other people such as the people of Japan, India. Canada commented that they travel to Europe for pleasure. The China people said that they travel to Europe for other reason like finding job, tries to enter in the movie, wiling to play role in TV shows, etc. Travel to destination just because it was featured in the movie Options Number of respondents Total Respondents Response Rate Yes 73 100 73% No 27 100 27% Findings Regarding this question, 73 respondents replied people travel to destination for just because it featured in the movie. However, 27 respondents out of 100 said that place where movie shoots is not only the reason of visiting or travelling. Discussion 73% respondents said that they travel to the destination mainly to the popular spot as if Warner Bros Studio just because of it was featured in the movie and the largest studio in the Europe. According to them, people like to watch movie especially the movie that attract the people from younger to older most. Therefore, the largest studio in Europe is Warner Bros Studio. The series of Harry Porter also released here. This featured increase the value of that place and people mostly like to visit that place especially the foreigners. On the other hand, 27% respondents said that movie shooting is not just the feature of travelling to the destination. People travel for the destination regarding several reason such as for pleasure, educations, business, getting job, etc. Frequency of watching movie Options Number of respondents Total Respondents Response Rate Extremely often 23 100 23% Very Often 29 100 29% Moderately often 22 100 22% Singly often 15 100 15% Not at all often 11 100 11% Findings When researcher asked the question, 23 respondents said that they watch movie extremely. However, 29 respondents said that very often they watch movie and 22 of them replied they watch movie moderately often. 15 out of 100 said that they watch movie singly open and 11 of them said they watch movie not at all often. Discussion In reply to this question, researcher understood that majority of people watch movie regularly. There were several studios in film industry that produced film in a continuous interval. Some people like to watch movie first day first show. These are the reason of extremely watching movie. Apart from that, it has been also analyzed that people travel from one place to another in order t patch the movie. Some of the respondents said that they have low attraction in watching movie. They watch movie once in a month. 11% respondent commented that they never watch the movie. Attachment with Harry Porter series Options Number of respondents Total Respondents Response Rate Yes all 57 100 57% Yes some 40 100 40% No 3 100 3% Findings Most of the respondents 57 out of 100 said that they attached with the all part of Harry Potter Series. However, 40 out of 100 repo dents replied that they attached with some part of Harry Porter series. Only 3 respondents said that they never attached with the series of Harry Potter. Discussion According to the respondents, the series of Harry Porter is one of the best movie series in Hollywood. That is the key reason of attaching with the all part of Harry Porter. However, some of them said that due to lack of time they were not able to attach with the all part of Harry Porter Series. In accordance to those respondents, they mostly attached with the Harry Potter, the Philosopher Stone, Harry Potter, and the Chamber of Secret. Released location of Harry Porter movie Options Number of respondents Total Respondents Response Rate Yes 95 100 95% No 5 100 5% Findings In response to this question, researcher got positive response from the selected response. Over 95 respondents out of 100 said that they know the place where Harry Potter shoots. Only 5 respondents said that they do not know the place where Harry Potter series were shoots. Discussion Most of the respondents said that when they watch a popular movie, they search for details about the movie like director name, actors, duration of making the film, place where shoots, etc. Therefore, Harry Potter series on of the most popular series in film industry of Hollywood. This is the reason of knowing place of shooting of Harry Potter. Some of them who said they know the place of shooting where Harry Potter shoots commented that Warner Bros Studio is the popular as well as largest studio in Europe. This also an reason of knowing shooting location of Harry Potter. Fan consideration of Harry Porter series Options Number of respondents Total Respondents Response Rate Yes 91 100 91% No 9 100 9% Findings The tourists who are selected for the interview by researcher, majority of them 91 out of 100 said that they are the fan of Harry Potter series. On the other hand, 9 respondents out of 100 said that they were not fan of Harry Potter. Discussion According to the respondents, Harry Potter series make the revolution in Hollywood industry. As argued by the respondents they become fan of Harry Potter series through reading the story book of Harry Potter. They also commented that, book of Harry Potter series was available in a special price in bookstores. However, picking of book of favorite move is making them a true fan of Harry Potter series. Preference of Warner Bros Studio Options Number of respondents Total Respondents Response Rate For the largest production facilities in Europe 25 100 25% For Harry Porter Series shoots here 27 100 27% For available of all kind of productions 29 100 29% Just because visitors visits the site 11 100 11% Other 8 100 8% Findings 25% said that they travel to Warner Bros Studio over Oxford because it is the largest production centre in Europe. 27% said that world most popular series Harry Potter shoots here. 29% people visit to the Warner Bros Studio not only 29% people visit to the Warner Bros Studio not only for the shooting place of Harry Potter series but also several production made here. 11% travel just because of tourist place and 8% travel for other reason. Discussion Warner Bros Studio is the largest studio in Europe and series of Harry Potter shoot in this studio. These two are the main reason of travelling to the Warner Bros Studio for the people. Apart from that some of the people visits there for multiple production. Way of protrayed Options Number of respondents Total Respondents Response Rate Yes 75 100 75% No 25 100 25% Findings 75% said yes and 25% said no ion reply to this question. Discussion According to the respondents, the location Leavesden is popular just because of the Warner Bros Studio established here. However, it is the largest studio in Europe and Harry Potter series shooting in this studio make more popular the place. On the contrary, some respondents commented that it is not only the reason or the way of portrayed the location Leavesden. Facilities of Warner Bros Studio Options No of respondents Total respondents Response Rate Strongly Agree 22 100 20% Agree 25 100 25% Neutral 27 100 27% Disagree 15 100 15% Strongly Disagree 13 100 13% Findings 22% strongly agree and 25% agree with this question. However, 27% were neutral and do not provide any answer in reply to the question. 15% were disagreeing with the question and 13% were strongly disagreeing with this question. Discussion In response to this question, respondents replied that Warner Bros Studio has better facilities rather than Oxford. In Warner Bros Studio, people are able to view multiple items such as film shooting, TV shows, music and videos, etc. However, in Oxford people is not able to get these types of multiple facilities. That is the reason of selecting Warner Bros Studio for travel. Satisfaction with the series of Harry Porter Options No of respondents Total respondents Response Rate Strongly satisfied 24 100 24% Satisfied 29 100 29% Neutral 14 100 14% Dissatisfied 15 100 15% Strongly Dissatisfied 18 100 18% Findings Majority of respondents satisfied with the series of Harry Potter. 24% were strongly satisfied and 29% were satisfied within the question and replied the positive answer. However 14% respondents were neutral and do not give any answer. 15% of the dissatisfied and 18% of them are stringy dissatisfied. Discussion Regarding this question researcher identified that people who are selected as the respondents for interview were satisfied with the series of Harry Potter. According to the, Harry Potter series gave them a wide range of pleasure. The story of Harry Potter series is much attractive and concept is unique. However, some of them do not satisfy with the Harry Potter series. They demand more part of Harry Potter to view. Selection of Leavesden Options No of respondents Total respondents Response Rate Strongly Agree 22 100 22% Agree 31 100 31% Neutral 3 100 3% Disagree 26 100 26% Strongly Disagree 18 100 18% Findings 22% respondents were strongly agreed that people travel to Leavesden only for the Harry Potter shoots here. 31% were also agreeing with this opinion. 3% remain silent and do not provide any answer to the interviewer. 26% were disagreeing and 18% were strongly disagreeing. Discussion Harry Potter series is the great story in Hollywood industry. Each people attract to read the story and watch the movie. The respondents commented that they travel to the Leavesden just view to the Warner Bros Studio because Harry Potter shots here. Reason of visiting Leavesden Options No of respondents Total respondents Response Rate Yes 52 100 52% No 48 100 48% Findings 52% respondents said yes and 48% respondents said no in reply to this question. Discussion In Europe, Warner Bros Studio is the largest studio in shooting film and other related shows. However, Harry Potter series shoots within the studio that increases the value of Leavesden. This is the main for which visitors from outside of the country travel to Leavesden. Main Attraction of Leavesden Options No of respondents Total respondents Response Rate Strongly Agree 12 100 12% Agree 49 100 49% Neutral 5 100 5% Disagree 23 100 23% Strongly Disagree 11 100 11% Findings Most of the respondents (total 61% out of 100) agreed that if new film likes Harry Potter series shoots within the Leavesden it helps in attracting more visitors. On the other hand, 34% respondents said that shooting of new film may not be able to attract tourist in Leasvesden. Discussion According to respondents, value of Leavesden is mainly increase just because Warner Bros Studio established and Harry Potter series shoots. Therefore, if the new film like the story of Harry Potter series or Thor shoots within the Warner Bros Studio, it attracts more tourists to travel to Leavesden. Impact of film induce tourism in travelling Options No of respondents Total respondents Response Rate Yes 81 100 81% No 19 100 19% Findings In replied to this question, 81% respondents said yes and only 19% said no. Discussion Since early days, people love to travel those places where film featured shoots. Majority of people plan to travel after watching the popularity of locations. Therefore, shooting of new film will make great impact on visitors mind to visit the place.