Letter of Advice Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Letter of Advice Paper - Essay Example Intimacy or interpersonal interactions in relationships such as romantic attachments and marriage are challenging. There are various barriers that hinder effective interpersonal interactions. One of these barriers is the different personalities individuals possess. With diverse personality, comes diverse perception that may lead to discrepancies in relationships as each person views their opinion as the right one. A second approach one can take is in light of the standpoint theory. Standpoint theory argues that individuals see the world differently because of their unique positions in society. Such positions are subject to factors such as level of education, cultural background and most importantly the sex of an individual, in regard to romantic relations. With each person having a different point of view on matters that affect both parties in the relationship, there is a likelihood that conflict may arise. Wood (2012), on the other hand, sees individualism as a base through which pe rsons can be united. In her book â€Å"Interpersonal Communication: Everyday Encounters†, she reports that identifying ones partner as a unique entity is the first step to understanding their intimate self. However, couples should not reflect on individualism in view of society as standpoint theory emphasizes. Uniqueness should stem from the relationships pattern and rhythm. For instance, one may ask themselves, does this relationship maintain a unique vocabulary with which the parties interact? For instance, one individual may prefer opening up while the other prefers to sort out their issues on their own. The uniqueness of an individual may be a source of severed interpersonal interactions. However, interpersonal communication helps one realize that these differences are the reason why individuals attract each other (the opposites attract rule). Acknowledging partners uniqueness is just laying a foundation on which other relationship matters will rest in the future. Persona l communication competencies need to be put in the limelight at all times during interactions between couples. Communication competence is the ability of the communicator to achieve the intended goal of their message. Regardless of the situation, communication always has a goal. The communicator can either wants to express a feeling or inquire something. For a couple to enjoy fruitful interpersonal communication, the communicator should feel that their goals excel. The communicating parties, therefore, need to understand the meaning intended by each message in every situation. Effective communication requires that each person is flexible in view of the needs of their partner. Secondly, when holding a conversation it is imperative that appropriateness prevail even in the face of overwhelming emotions such as anger or disappointment (Deetz, 2011). Stanley A. Deetz in his text â€Å"Communication Yearbook 16† analysis a psychological approach proposed by Schutz back in the year 1966. According to Schutz there are three guiding interpersonal needs one can satisfy in order to understand their partner, improve their communication competencies and sustain an intimate relationship. First both parties need to maintain affection in all their interactions. Secondly, the messages should not be aloof, and one sided to facilitate inclusion. Finally, both the messenger and the person

To produce an informal report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

To produce an informal report - Assignment Example ROCE also increased to 24% in 2011 as compare to 20% in 2010 due to increase in net income and shareholder’s equity and decrease in long term debt. Current ratio increased from 1.39 to 1.67 mainly due to decrease in current liabilities particularly bank overdraft by 4000 during 2011 and increase in inventory by 2000 during the year. Acid test ratio also increased from 1.25 to 1.42 in 2011 due to decrease in current liabilities by 2000 and increase in current assets by 1300 during 2011. Stock turnover decreased from 20 in 2010 to 17 in 2011 due to increase in cost of goods sold and inventory, which highlights the hotel’s efficiency in managing its inventory and avoiding under stocking instead we could conclude that hotel is experiencing higher sales than the previous year. Debtor collection period decreased from 48 days in 2010 to 41 days in 2011 due to application of robust collection policies. Creditors payment period decreased from 16 days to 15 days during 2011 is mainly due to increase in payables. Capital gearing ratio decreased from 16% to 11.5% in 2011 is due to increase in shareholder’s equity and decrease in long term debt, which is considered good as it signifies the hotel dependence more on equity financing as compare to debt financing thus it lessens the risk of interest rate burden and other related fixed costs but it may also heightened the financial risk due to higher volatility in profits. As per the financial ratio analysis for the year 2010 and 2011, it is clear that Hotel is enjoying a marvelous growth in terms of sales both from rooms and other restaurant functions. However, hotel needs to control the cost of goods in order to improve the gross profit margin for the up coming years and other operating expenses. In addition, hotel may also have to look upon its payment patterns and improvise the payment period to suppliers and creditors for the goods bought on credit by paying off early. In order to reduce the financial risk

Approaches To Challenging Behaviour

Approaches To Challenging Behaviour This essay intends to talk about innovative approaches to challenging behaviour in a specific Social Care Setting. The writer will discuss about approaches like counselling, the Low Arousal Approach, the Time-out Approach, Nonviolent Crisis Intervention, and many more and will then give examples using practical examples from practice placement. Challenging behaviour has being an issue on the spot light over the past years especially in young children and people with intellectual disabilities. This essay will also bring some issues that causes or promote challenging and aggressive behaviour in the social care setting. The term challenging behaviour was adopted from The Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps (TASH), and emphasises that behaviours represent challenges to services, rather than problems which are solely intrinsic to the individuals with learning disabilities. Emerson, et al (1987) suggests the following as a definition of severely challenging behaviour Severely challenging behaviour refers to behaviour of such an intensity, frequency or duration that the physical safety of the person or others is likely to be placed in serious jeopardy, or behaviour which is likely to seriously limit or delay access to and use of ordinary community facilities (Emerson, Barrett, Bell, Cummings, McCool, Toogood, Mansell 1987; cited NSH Evidence, 2011). There is a great concern for how people with challenging behaviour view themselves the issues of self esteem and self view. Work on communication and relationship goes hand-in-hand with these issues and is likely to contribute mightily to a persons self worth if he/she is having regular positive valuing experiences in interactions with others. This is an area which might require great thought and professionalism. However, it can be very difficult to be with and generally displays negative or abusive behaviour towards others. There is no doubt that these positive experiences are necessary and likely to increase peoples sense of feeling good about themselves, resulting in positive effects in their behaviour (Hewett 1998:7). Different peoples state of normal arousal may be at different levels; indeed some people with challenging behaviours may have a level of arousal which is normally very high. Many people with learning difficulties may experience, due to their difficulties with understanding what is going on around them. The trigger is the event occurring either within the environment or within the person which activates the state where the persons behaviour becomes challenging (Hewett 1998:154). For example, during my placement I was able to observe this arousal in the service users I worked with and what the social care worker staffs did in situations like that. We have a male service user in the house who suffers from Bipolar Mood Disorder (BMD), this means that sometimes he feels high and sometimes low which is controlled by daily medication. The following are signs that show when he is becoming unstable: burping, smoking, eating more than usual, talking excessively without waiting for reply (pressure of speech) sleeping badly, general bad mood, and giving out or teasing other service users. When he is unwell, he wakes up at the middle of the night because he gets mixed up between day and night. At this point there is always a wake up night staff with him when the service user is feeling high. According to Hewett (1998:164) the first indications of triggering in a person should lead to staff surveillance and vigilance this should be the start of tuning-in. Members of the staff need to start monitoring the person for the signs and signals that the persons feelings and behaviour are starting to escalate. When the staffs working with the service user notice that the service users behaviour is becoming unstable as explained above and the service user is presenting with a challenging behaviour to the staff and other service user in the house, the staffs will try to de-escalate the situation because the service user in question will be verbally abusing (teasing) other service user which will make the other service user to be upset and the service user will continue to talk excessively without waiting for response and their will be pressure in the service users tone. In this case, the staffs will bring these to the social care leader and the social care leader will then arrange for an awake staff that will be with the service user throughout the night. With regards to other service user in the house, we always organise outings with them like bowling, going to the pub and so on just to keep them away and they can have a break as well. Another service user in the house with moderate intellectual disability present challenging behaviour as a way of seeking attention. This service user is so much attached to a particular staff and when the staff is not working, the service users behaviour is completely different compared to if the staff is on duty. If the staff is on duty, the service user would want the staff to always be with her and attend to all her needs. However, if other staff tries to make the service user understand that the staff is busy for example, writing a report or giving personal care to other service user, the service user will become abusive and her tone of voice will be very high. Whenever the service user is in that mood, other service user in the house will be upset. The staffs use Behaviour Modification on the service user. Behavioural Modification according to Atherton (2011) is the approach used by behavioural psychologists to modify behaviour. It is usually based on the reinforcement of desir ed behaviours and ignoring undesired ones. Therefore, the staff uses a Star Chart for the service user to modify the service users undesired behaviour so whenever the service user is being aggressive to other staff because the service users favourite worker is not there, the service users sticker will be taken off and the service user has to earn it back with good behaviour unless the service user will be in trouble with her key-worker and the social care leader, because all the service user wanted was for the staff to come down and then the service user will be calm. This service user does not behave like this when another staff is on duty. Training courses in the management of challenging behaviour may help to provide carers with the belief that a person can cope with the violent and aggressive behaviours. This increase in confidence can increase the likelihood that a person with learning difficulties will have the opportunity to have access to ordinary community service (Blunden and Allen 1987; cited McDonnell 1997:160). This is because the reputations that people with challenging behaviour acquire can affect their relationship with their carers. Literally, you cannot have a positive relationship with a service user who frightens you. Training can help to build a relationship of trust between the client and the carer (McDonnell 1997:160). Particularly, staffs working in social care setting need more support and training in challenging behaviour because it is the key to identifying and maintaining the equilibrium of challenging behaviours being presented by the service users. An innovative approach to challenging behaviour is counselling. Counselling as defined by Elliot and Place (1998) is the process of listening to problems, advising on actions and explaining the constraints within which children and adult should operate. It is associated with paying attention to non-verbal cues, developing good listening skills establishing trust, maintaining positive attitudes, developing expectations and showing non-judgemental attitudes and respect for privacy (Papatheodorou 2005:56). Dave (1989) Carpenter and Apter (1988) went on and say that counselling aims to enable the client to increase their conscious awareness of distorted perceptions of existing realities, and to provide emotional support in order to reduce their level of frustration (Elliot and Place 1998; Dave 1989; and Carpenter and Apter 1988; cited Papatheodorou 2005:56). Counselling in this sense will work very well with the service user that uses challenging behaviour as a mechanism of seeking atten tion to the particular staff. It will be a good idea if the service users key worker arranges for an appointment with a counsellor because it will make the service user not only to understand that the staff is not just there to attend to her but to other service users in the house which will change the service users behaviour and attitude on it. Operant approaches have stressed the importance of the environment in causing and maintaining aggressive behaviours (Skinner, 1953, 1957; cited McDonnell 2010, 2). Reinforcement of behaviour, both positive and negative, has a causal effect on antecedent stimuli and behaviour. However, there is little doubt that the application of scientific approaches to behaviour analysis has led to significant positive developments in care settings. Early approaches tended to focus on the manipulation of consequences to behaviours and the use of token economy system to control and manage behaviours can provide some insight into the change and adaptation of behaviour technologies. Token economies tended to be used in larger institutionalised system in the past (Ayllon and Azrin 1968; cited McDonnell and Sturmey 2010: 5). This approach can be found in a social care because some service users might not like the house that he or she is living in, maybe due to other service users behaviour towards him o r her and this can increase the likelihood of aggressive and challenging behaviour. If the behaviour of staff inadvertently triggers aggressive behaviours, then altering these behaviours may have an impact on the management of aggressive behaviours. The construct of reflective practice in which an individual evaluate their performances in situations and learns from both positive and negative experiences (Schon, 1987) is useful to apply to staff who may experience violence and aggression in care settings. It is possible by staff, although in many cases they may be unaware of their influence. In the circumstances, it may be difficult to expect staff to examine their own contribution to these situations (Schon, 1987; cited McDonnell 2010: 20). This explanation shows the second scenario in this essay that the staff might have contributed to it, for example initially the staff might be showing too much attention to that particular service user and then the service user became too attached to the staff and the only way the service could get attention by the staff is by em ploying challenging behaviour towards other staff and service users when ever the staff is on duty. According to McDonnell 2010: 21) behaviour management strategies need to develop a questioning approach to managing behaviours, which should include an honest and critical appraisal of the staff members contribution to violence, aggression, and challenging behaviour. In order to achieve this, encouraging an open dialogue in human services about the role of staff beliefs and expectations in maintenance of aggressive behaviour is crucial. A low arousal approach is predominantly a staff based intervention which focuses on reducing arousal in crisis situations. Organisationally there is am emphasis on strategies which aim to reduce confrontation through primarily staff based reduction of arousal. Immediate staff-based strategies focus on the reduction of requests and demands and on the non-verbal cues and triggers employed by staff in conflict situations. A general reduction of rules and boundaries which may also create a culture of control are implicit aspect of the approach (McDonnell 2010: 24). De-escalation offers a nonviolent way to manage disruptive and assaultive behaviour. The technique can be used in all types of health care organization. A number of well-known programmes offer a consistent approach to the safe management of out-of-control behaviour. One general programme is Nonviolent Crisis Intervention provided by Crisis Prevention Institute (CPI). Another technique is Time-out which is a procedure used to help individual regain emotional control by removing him or her from the immediate environment and restricting him or her to a quiet area or unlocked room. It generally involves a brief of standard duration, such as 5 minutes or 20 minutes. Brief isolation (through a time-out) provides more learning trials and opportunities to see the consequences of behaviour. Time-out can be used very effectively as part of an early prevention programme (Joint Commission Resources 2002: 50-52). Conclusion Having gone through several books and websites, it is understood that staff might contribute to upsetting behaviour towards the service user thereby invoking challenging behaviour. Nevertheless, challenging behaviour is a serious issue among children, and people with intellectual disability especially those in residential home care. There are some techniques and strategies for example the low arousal approach, the time-out approach, Nonviolent Crisis Intervention, outlined in this essay which can help both the service user and their carers to be ware of their own behaviours which can trigger aggressive behaviour in others.

Much Ado About Nothing Essay: Act 5 Scene 1- Climax of the Dénouements

Much Ado About Nothing:   Act 5 Scene 1 - Climax of the Denouements  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      A particular section of Act 5, Scene 1, could be seen as the denouement of the play, Much Ado About Nothing.   Perhaps it is more accurate to say the climax of the denouements - at its conclusion, all that remains for the play is a happy ending. It is here that the perpetrator is displayed before all the interested male parties, and here that Leonato can be assured that his belief in Hero's innocence was justified - and perhaps more importantly, that it can be seen to be justified: armed with Borachio's confession, and Claudio and Don Pedro's half-acceptance of guilt, he tells them to 'Possess the people in Messina here How innocent she died' (l. 282-283). This continues the play's concern with appearances and reality, the nature of truth and evidence: it seems that the revelation of the deception instigated by Don John, despite being accepted by all the relevant parties, doesn't count unless it is displayed publicly - even performed, for Claudio is told to ...

Supervisory Model

I am motivated or guided y a very specific force regarding legal, ethical and even cultural concerns and we will explore that force and how it would play out in my everyday interactions of supervision. I am tremendously communal but realize that professionalism must play a part when I work with and serve under those in management and administration and I will talk about those aspects also. Today, social worker roles are tremendous and as a supervisor there is even more responsibility to the social workers who work under you.According to Shadbush (2002), â€Å"In addition to the efficient and effective administration of agency services, the education and support f social workers fashions the three-legged stool of modern social work supervision† (p. 2). L. Areas of Interest & Disinterest Supervision is not very appealing to me in relation to mental health and therapy due to the fact that most supervisors do not actually do much true therapy with clients like the clinicians that work under them. Actually doing therapy with the clients is the work that excites me.My early perception of a social worker was negative and brought to mind Miss Kebab, the nosy social worker who would visit Celandine Price. Celandine was a character in the movie by the same name, Celandine (1974), played by Dianne Carroll, a single African American woman living in Black Harlem with six children on welfare. Whenever Miss Kebab would come â€Å"calling†, she would be snooping to see if Celandine was working a Job, had a man, or was receiving gifts from someone. Celandine always had to lie to Miss Kebab because this information would cause Celandine's welfare to be cut considerably.The children were taught to hide anything that appeared to be extra to their poverty stricken lifestyle. Miss Kebab would be a nightmare for Edward Divine and the Charity Organization Society idea of a friendly visitor. II. Three Supervisory Roles In Administrative Supervision, Hackett (2014) explain s that in supervisory functions, being administrative deals directly with delivering a message, supporting a cause for staff or acting as a protective barrier regarding administrative issues between upper management and line staff.This is the first leg of our three-legged stool of supervisory functions. Depending on the subject matter and my passion for the topic. I would have to ensure diplomacy and tact in communicating a professional delivery of my message. The second leg is educational and thinking about giving instruction in a one on one fashion does not necessarily excite me. Hackett (2014) discussed education in a supervisory role as being concerned with â€Å"addressing ignorance barriers† to effective services (p. L).I have a passion for functioning in the role of educator – presenting subject matter in a broader fashion. Infusing and empowering staff members to provide effective services. The last leg of the three major components of supervision is supportive , which, according to Hackett (2014) is focused on â€Å"addressing emotional barriers† to effective services (p. 1). So line staff hat might be having a particular problem connecting with a client or experiencing stress because one of their families is dealing with particularly traumatic events, support from the supervisor is available from this role.This support can also be for the staff member himself or herself if they are experiencing difficulty in hearing portions of a client's harrowing story each week they come in. Support from the supervisor in this scenario could prevent a secondary trauma or something underlying that triggers the worker. There are many sources of stress for the social rocker and Hackett (2014) lists them in Supportive Supervision as the following: Performance & Compliance Demands Learning Demands Clients Organization Relationship with their Supervisor Vicarious Trauma (p. 3).Practicing self-care is something that social workers must apply regularly and l, as the supervisor, will need to ensure that my team gets the Abacas that Hackett (2014) refers to in Supportive Supervision as: awareness, balance and connection. My team will need these in place so that they can be emotionally healthy and continue to provide for our clients needs. Ill. My Style & Temperament I am a fun loving, outspoken person by nature and I am very orderly. I tend to be communal, and do not meet any strangers and I suppose that is because I spent twenty-two years in the Air Force.I spent time with people from many walks of life and cultures and had to grow up quite a bit through many circumstances that took place right in the different departments that I worked in. Shadbush (2002) states that humor can constrain and relieve stress caused on a Job by providing much needed space in stressful scenarios. I do appreciate humor as an icebreaker or to cause a tense atmosphere to dissipate. Even when things are not stressful I simply enjoy my ambiance better when humor and a certain display of cheerfulness.My current manager can be found laughing very often but sometimes it is inappropriate or appears unprofessional because she is very loud. I am concerned about how people view me in decision situations but realize that I cannot please all people. This creates a conundrum because as a supervisor it is given that not everyone will be happy with my decisions. So, coming short of appearing to be a dictator, I do realize that it is something I need to become more comfortable with and would need to evolve in knowing that I have made the best decision for the whole of my programs.In the lecture on Educational Supervision, Hackett (2014) discussed situational leadership and the fact that leaders determine a situation and espouse the best style for a particular posture. My temperament depends on my situation and for the most part I am pleasant and do my best to keep an atmosphere fairly light but professional. But if I sense that someone is mistrea ting my staff or desecrating our atmosphere with a negative mood because they are disgruntled, I can become someone very assertive.The lecture on Educational Supervision regarding situational leadership, Hackett (2014) determines that through â€Å"relationship behavior is the extent to which the leader engages in two-way or multiply communication. Includes listening to, facilitating, and supporting employees† (pig. 2). In these situations, my concern for my temperament is to preserve a very present disposition and be able to think through as things are being said. This allows me to cover all of the important points whether it is an employee or a client who has become upset because of something. ‘V.My Use of Motivation & Discipline Techniques By nature I love being a team player because I enjoy people so much and love to encourage others, cheering them on to their goals in life. In Strengthened, Rata (2007) describes the individual with the harmony theme as â€Å"One w ho looks for areas of agreement†. This theme suggests that this person believes that there is not much value in disharmony and I attempt to extinguish anything like this in conversation because of that. This describes me and I am not afraid of healthy conflict but I find any conflict outside of that to be counterproductive.In my supervision style regarding titivation I would look for the benefits of my staff being team oriented and do my best to teach them the value in having a harmonious atmosphere. My desire would be to encourage them to see the benefit of their contribution to what we do in our program. According to Administrative Supervision, (according to Hackett, 2014 lecture, p. 1 1) â€Å"most experts on motivation affirm that praise, respect, recognition, empowerment and a sense of belonging are more lasting motivators than money'. In Herrings Hygiene Motivation Theory, (according to Hackett, 2014 lecture, p. 0) she tastes that money already provides limited motivati on, and then when it is absent from the Hygiene Factors then denomination will automatically kick in. Along the theme of motivation, in the bible (n. D. ), God gave Noah the task of building the ark and taking his family and specified numbers of each animal with him as God commanded according to Genesis chapter six, verse thirteen through chapter seven, verse sixteen. According to the bible (n. D. ), in chapter seven, verse one God says, â€Å"Come into the ark, you and all your household, because I have seen that you are righteous before Me in this generation†.In verse seven of the same chapter it says, â€Å"So Noah, with his sons, his wife, and his sons' wives went into the ark†. Noah was a servant leader that God used to replenish the earth and he had to determine how to motivate his family and all of those animals to get onto that boat. In verse nine of chapter seven, according the bible (n. D. ), it says, â€Å"two by two they went into the ark to Noah, male and female, as God had commanded Noah. Pastor Diego Mesa (2014), taught the lesson All Aboard-The Life of Noah and stated, â€Å"Noah had to live a certain way before his family in order for them to follow him†.This is encouraging for me as a supervisor because as God has called me to walk in my destined position in life, as His servant leader, he will give me the grace and strength to carry out the tasks that I am supposed to do in my supervisory capacity. This is further confirmed according to Hackett (2014) in Models of Leadership, she discussed a servant leader setting a goal, visualizing it and taking the necessary steps to get to that goal. My disciplinary style and techniques have mirrored the military in years past but so often an airman or seaman is Just doing what their superior is yelling at them to do.I am glad that I learned another way before I had children because my desire now is to affect change in their hearts and not simply in their behavior. In the chapter on Principles & Problems in Implementing Educational Supervision Shadbush (2007) states, â€Å"however useful or significant the material is generally, the worker is not likely to be motivated unless one can show its usefulness and importance for a problem or situation that is meaningful to him or her† (p. 176). As an employee, I have not always been model in compliance to the rules or policies.Especially when I was younger and did not understand the value of obedience, which now I understand really is better than sacrifice! In the lecture, Progressive Discipline, Hackett (2014) asks the question, â€Å"What's behind the problem? † (p. 2). This is a good question and maybe there really is something valid going on behind the noncompliance employee problem and I have to be balanced enough in my thinking to not Jump to conclusions about it. Stress, conflict in casework demands, personal issues that are distracting work performance, etc.These are all potential issues that in the correct view could be legitimate. In Progressive Discipline, Hackett (2014) discussed â€Å"missing the root cause of a problem†. Common Disciplinary Error #5 says, â€Å"Not knowing the root cause makes it difficult to work with an employee to improve performance† (p. 9). Regardless of the reasons, a Performance Improvement Plan (PIP) could be utilized and a valuable employee can be saved. V. How I Manage Legal, Ethical & Cultural Issues Years ago I worked in an older adult clinic and had grown very fond of â€Å"Leticia†, my 70-year-old female Hispanic client of one year. Leticia† would bring me fruits and nuts from her son's orchard for most of the time I worked with her and I did not have he heart to tell her I should not accept gifts from her. But I would share them all with my co-workers to try to balance it out. â€Å"Leticia† really reminded me of my great Aunt Maggie who was in the beginning stages of dementia like â€Å"Leticia† and my relatives in Florida took care of her. In the later nineties, the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act (AIRIER) was created and it stopped allowing most public services to illegal immigrants.I had toiled over Leticia case and she had come a long way in her care and she was comfortable in the senior housing that her son and I got her into. I was tempted to continue providing â€Å"Leticia† services â€Å"off the books† because I did not want to abandon providing services to Leticia. Shadbush (2002) states in the chapter on Problems and Innovation that â€Å"a pervasive, ubiquitous ethical problem is how to resolve the disjunction between what we are ethically obligated to do for the client and the reality of what we can do, a dilemma exacerbated by practice in a managed care and increasing litigious environment† (p. 70). Legally and ethically I knew that I was in a very precarious situation, so I sought the counsel of my supervisor and explained my dilemma. In order for me to avoid ethical prohibition against my supervisor and l, we agreed to offer Leticia a referral for an assisted living facility that could better serve her. Then I was assured that Leticia would be safe. She was able to see a social worker that came around to see all of the seniors who lived there and this helped her adjust to her new surroundings. The bible (n. D. Is clear in Romans chapter thirteen, verse one and it says, â€Å"Let every soul be subject to the governing authorities for there is no authority except from God and the authorities that exist are appointed by God†. In the first art of verse seven it also says, â€Å"render therefore to all their due†. So as my Overseer in heaven has determined what I do in situations of a legal and ethical manner, so goes my National Association of Social Workers (NASA) ethical principles speaking and they agree with Him regarding doing the right thing in any situation.Developing a relationship with Leticia was simple because I have always been around many people of different hues and races in the military and most of my grade school years. I can remember distinctly having a cultural celebration every year at my grade school in Los Angels County. Currently I support our department Cultural Committee and have key relationships with those on the African American sub committee and both of my brothers married white women, a cousin married a woman of Filipino decent, so all of this is my comfort level in any way and anywhere.NASA (2014) says, â€Å"These activities seek to promote sensitivity to and knowledge about oppression and cultural and ethnic diversity. Social workers strive to ensure access to needed information, services, and resources; equality of opportunity; and meaningful participation in decision making for all people†. So any interactions I have, as a supervisor regarding ultra awareness and being competent over this area would be simple for me. I may likely have to educate those that work under me and this subject would be discussed Just as any other policy that has zero tolerance but I would do it in a patient manner.VI. Working with Management & Administration Because I am a secretary to a manager often I am carrying messages from my manager to the supervisors and vice versa. I additionally take messages from clerical staff to my manager so I am accustomed to diplomacy at my level. I do have concern about communicating with upper management and must ensure polish and tact. VI'. Examples of My Experiences My current manager is a good example of what model you do not want to pattern yourself after. She is often found to be laughing very loudly; she is somewhat argumentative in meetings and is an awful example of timeliness.So often for her it is â€Å"do as I say and not as I do† and in spite of the fact that she is very intelligent, it is difficult to follow and respect her because of the flaws that she has th at cause her to lose credibility. It is not her having flaws but it is the sort of flaws that she has. I only worked for her for a few weeks before she lost it because I chose to use a particular ender after she said she told me not to use them. I did not remember this and received a written correction from her for it, stating that if I did it again there would be further consequences.She is immediately scary if you make her angry so I Just do my best to not do that. This paper has taken you through many examples of supervision from my paradigm and many others. You learned that one-on-one training is not for me and who the worst friendly visitor is. We relearned our Abacas – awareness, balance and connection, along with my temperament being determined by situation. I discussed what might be behind problems and the lesson that Leticia aught my supervisor and l. We additionally went up and down the ladder with management and administration and how I express myself if I do not t ake moments to gather myself.

China Town

1. 0 Introduction During the 19th century, Malaya had been colonised by the British and many Chinese and Indian had migrates to Malaya. As a city, Kuala Lumpur had become the most crowded and fast development place. Many colonial and migrations stay at Kuala Lumpur. Through colonisation and migration, both knowledge and methods of house construction had been adapted to the Malaya architecture during that time. Therefore there are many heritage buildings especially the Chinese shop houses had been influence by the foreign design. In this essay, I had make a field trip to Petaling Street to collect photographs of shophouses. Through the characteristic of the design of the shophouses I need to identify the Malaysia and foreign design influences of the traditional shop houses in Petaling Street. Description and contrast had been made of the influences of the shop houses by comparing the buildings which the structures had been influence by. 2. 0 Background 2. 1 British Colonisation In Malaysia During 19-20 Century Figure 1: Tin mine Tim mining, a popular activity amongst there and they increases many Chinese workers to migrates to Malaya (figure 1). Chinese migrates brought their tradition dwelling design where the two storey Chinese shop houses becomes common. â€Å"During British colonise Malaya, many public and private building had been built by the British which contain the mixture of architecture styles such as Renaissance, Palladia, Neoclassical and revived Gothic because Kuala Lumpur has become the Federal Capital and Headquarters of the Resident General. † (Mohammad Iza,(2010),p. 45. ) 2. 2 Shophouses Before 1880's Chinese shophouses was a very simple construction of one storey houses which only use wooden parts supporting on attap roof which is open to the street. While the rear section of the shophouses was usually built on piles over a river to facilitate the delivery of goods. Most of the construction is use the locally available materials combine with Chinese architecture influence. Therefore curved gable are glazed ornamental tiles are some of the Chinese shop houses characteristic. Moreover the stucco decorations is the intention of which was to emphasis the character and background of the owner. The early shophouses are build in rows with uniforms facades and a continuous, covered five-foot way in front (figure 2). There are also jack roof on the shop houses which rise above the main roof to allowed accumulated hot air in the house to escape (figure 3). Besides that, there is also low rickety, shuttered window on the front of the first floor. Figure 2: Five-foot way Figure 3: Jack roof â€Å"Before World War II, the commercial centre of every Malaysian town was featured by one or more streets lined with usually two storeys high shophouses, where trading were occurred at the lower floor and the upper floors as residential accommodation area. † (Anon,(2008),p. 44. However, the position of the shop and residential space might be different depending on the number of floors of a shophouse. For an example, a single story shophouse tends to include residential area behind the shop; while for the shophouses of two or more storeys have residential space typically located above the shop. Early masonry shophouses were often built around 6-7 metres wide and 30 metres deep occasionally extended to 60 metres according to its location. They were often built in rows with uniform facades and a covered five-foot way in front of the shophouse. The five-foot way was first imposed by Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles, a British colonial administration that founded the city of Singapore in 1822. †(online,www. wikipedia. com). It is an old practice specifying that all shophouses should include a minimum five-foot-wide veranda on the ground floor. This building tradition addressed the extremes of the tropical sun and rain, and created pedestrian linkages at ground level. These shaded areas were conducive to the shopkeepers by providing an extra space area to displaying their products (figure 4) . Apart from that, the typical Chinese shophouse was built in rows with a common wall between each unit. The walls that separate the shophouses are generally constructed by local manufactured baked clay. They are structural, load bearing walls to transfer the weight of the roof and upper floors down to the ground. Besides, the front of the shophouse on the ground floor has no walls, enabling goods to be displayed along the full width (figure 5) . Since the shophouse has no front walls, the front will be boarded up with fitted timber panels and secured with horizontal bars to lock up the shop. In addition, to ventilate the shophouse, a central courtyard can be found inside, which was later reduced to an airwell when space became more precious (figure 6). It was built to cool the building before the air-conditioning was invented. Courtyards were typically for residence all over China especially in the less densely populated areas of the north where they were located at the central of the layout, which often surrounded by high walls. Besides, a lane was also allocated at the back of the shophouse as a sanitary lane. It is a space found in between two rows of shophouses that faced back to back. This lane allows bullock carts to collect night soil as well as for safety purpose, for example, allow access for a fire truck when required. Figure 4: Displaying their products at the five-foot way Figure 5: Ground floor of the shophouses has no front walls Figure 6: Airwell found in one of the shophouse 2. 3 Foreign architecture and design influence There are five types of shophouses, Traditional, Neoclassical, Dutch Patrician, Art Deco and Modern. There are three principal varieties of shop houses during 1930's to 1940's which are Utilitarian design is made by simple wooden shutters and a minimum of decorations. While the Neoclassical design had elaborate the Greek and Roman columns and arnately decorate the Greek and Roman columns and arnately decorated window frames, pediments, paraprets and cornices. However Art Deco is the simplest design which only use simplified lines and geometrical patterns to decorate. The Noeclassical style can by recognised by a Grecian pediment (figure 7) , columns (figure 8) and moulded plasters swags decorated the facade. Besides, some of the Neoclassical style include a parapet and the top of the building and ornate window frames. Different from the Neoclassical, Dutch Patrician design as a Dutch-inspired gable was adopted for the front facade of the shop houses. Figure 7: Neoclassical pediment Figure 8: Original style Neoclassical column Art Deco was started during 1930's. The design only contain geometrical shapes and simplified lines were departure from the 1920's style. The ground floor and windows are not original. This is because it is from traditional vernacular and Western Neoclassical styles to Early Modernism and International style. Art Deco style had marked the transition from traditional vernacular and Western Neoclassical styles to Early Modernism and International style. 3. 0 Analysis 3. 1 Compare and contrast between Kuala Lumpur’s Chinatown shophouses to the original foreign Neoclassical styles Figure 3. 1. 1: High ceiling found in Petaling Street shophouses(left) and St. George Hall, London(right). One of the special feature in Neoclassical architecture is high ceiling. High ceilings (Figure 3. . 1), tend to help to ventilate the air in the building through convection process, where the hot air rises and cool air sinks, as a result, the house will be cooling. The shophouses these days have a standard height of 8 metres, where space had become more precious besides saving cost. Figure 3. 1. 2: Petaling Street shophouses(left) and Rue De Rivoli, Paris(right) painted in white o r pastel colours. Apart from the high ceiling, Neoclassical buildings are often painted in white or pastel colours (Figure 3. 1. 2). White and pastel colours are bright and attracts people’s attention. Furthermore, these colours are poor conductor of heat, they helps to reflect more of the visible light spectrum, causing the particular building to be as cooling as posible. This may be the reason why the buildings in Neoclassical period painted in this series of colour. Figure 3. 1. 3: Petaling Street shophouses(left) and Arc De Thriump, Paris(right) with parapet on the top. Parapet (Figure 3. 1. 3) is a wall-like structure at the edge of a roof, which served as a fire wall, that prevents the flames from coming up to the exterior of the building, igniting the roofing membrane. In addition, it also modifieds the wind flow over the roof so that the pressure exerted is distributed evenly to prevent it from collapsing. Figure 3. 1. 4: Petaling Street shophouses(left) and Madeleine Church, Paris(right) with pediment. A pediment is a classical architectural element which consist of the triangular section found on top of a building, supported by the columns. It is founded in the classical Greek temples, Renaissance, and Neoclassical architecture. The pediment of Madeleine Church, Paris is filled with relief sculptures while the one found in Petaling Street shophouses are filled with floral sculptures (Figure 3. . 4). Figure 3. 1. 5: Petaling Street shophouses(left) and New York City Hall(right) columns. A column is an upright pillar which supports a beam or a roof, sometimes it might just simple for decoration purposes. There are 3 types of columns which is doric (oldest and simplest of classical orders), ionic (more complex than doric, with a scroll on top) and corinthian (with most ornate). Ionic order is found in the Petaling Street shophouses, while New York City Hall contained the doric order (Figure 3. 1. 5). Figure 3. 1. 6: Petaling Street shophouses(left) and New York City Hall(right) are symmetrical. Symmetry and balance are the most pedominat characteristic of Neoclassical buildings. This feature is recognizable easily as the left and the right portion of the building is the same to maintain the balance of the building so that it does not fall (Figure 3. 1. 6). 3. 2 Compare and contrast between Kuala Lumpur’s Chinatown shophouses to the original foreign Art Deco styles Figure 3. 2. 1: Petaling Street shophouses(left) and Caisse Nationale d'Economie, Monteal (right) with flag pole. Concrete flagpoles are one of the common feature of Art Deco buildings (Figure 3. 2. 1). The flagpoles are stretched from the top of the building with bands or motif sculptured at the base of the poles as if it is attached to the wall of facade. Figure 3. 2. 2: Petaling Street shophouses column(left) and Patel’s Building, Durban’s column(right). On the other hand, Petaling Street shophouses and Patel’s Building (Figure 3. 2. 2) both have geometrical shapes running down the column, which is also a common feature of Art Deco architecture. Nonetheless, Petaling Street’s column has a mixture of both Art Deco and Neoclassical styles as on top of it’s column, since there’s some swirls on it which belonged to Ionic order. Figure 3. 2. 3: Petaling Street shophouses(left) and Caisse Nationale d'Economie, Monteal’s (right) mouldings. Furthermore, plaster moulding is another characteristic of Art Deco architecture. Shanghai plaster is commonly used as it provides the same visual effect as stone and it’s a cheaper building material. This finished plaster was usually left in it’s original colour, sometimes painted in the pastel colour of the era. The fine vertical lines plaster moulding at Petaling Street shophouses and Caisse Nationale d'Economie, Monteal are easily recognizable (Figure 3. 2. 3). Figure 3. 2. : Petaling Street shophouses(left) and Thorp Coffee House(right) stated the year it was built. To the contrary, Art Deco buildings usually state the year that it was built on the top of the building. For example, the particular Shophouse in Petaling Street was built in the year 1910, therefore, the figure 1910 is placed on the top of the building as well as for Thorp Coffee House (Figure 3. 2. 4). Figure 3. 2. 5: Petaling Street shophouses(left) and Louis Hay’s Office(right) with air vents. Lastly, Art Deco buildings have horizontal air vents usually located above the windows (Figure 3. 2. 5). The air vent is placed above the window to cool down the interior of the building as hot air are less dense and rises up, thus, escaping through the air vents. 4. 0 Conclusion Through compare and contrast of the different style of the shop houses, we able find out that the different style of the shop houses was influence by different background. From the 18th century until now we can see that the style of the Chinese shop houses change according to the place the shop houses was built. Beside that, the structure of the shop houses also depends to the need of the owner and the period of time those shop houses was built.

Free Essays on Myths Of Marriage

Five Myths about Marriage You hear a lot of criticism and jokes about the "trap" of marriage. Yet, many are attracted to the "bait" at least; 96% of us live with a partner sometime in our lives. Most of us are eager to do soand for good reasons. Loving someone brings so many joys and thrills and so much comfort... it can be fantastic. An unhappy marriage, however, can be terrible. Marriage is very different for different people. We don't know exactly how to make marriage be what we want it to be. Facts of marriage are usually confused with myths. There are many reasons why people are surprised by the actual experience of marriage. One of them is that most people have a poor idea of what day-to-day living in marriage is really like. Assumptions people make about marriage are often very different from reality. According to the textbook, there are five major myths about marriage that unfortunately many people believe. (Knox & Schacht, 1999) The first is, Our Marriage will be different (Knox & Schacht, 1999). Most people know married couples that are unhappy, fight, are bored, etc. This myth is the â€Å"it won’t happen to us† idea couples have usually before marriage. According to Knox and Schacht, this is dangerous because â€Å"many of us who enter marriage believing that it will be different for us blindly imitate the marriage patterns of others instead of making a conscious effort to manage our own relationship to make it as fulfilling as we expect it to be† (1999). The second myth about marriage is, We Will Make Each Other Happy. Even though your partner has some influence on your happiness, each partner has other life roles other than spouse (Knox & Schacht, 1999). These other roles can taint the interaction with one’s spouse. For example, if you have lost your job, it would make it very difficult for you to make your spouse happy. Knox and Schacht make a good point by saying. â€Å"Waiting for someone else to make ... Free Essays on Myths Of Marriage Free Essays on Myths Of Marriage Five Myths about Marriage You hear a lot of criticism and jokes about the "trap" of marriage. Yet, many are attracted to the "bait" at least; 96% of us live with a partner sometime in our lives. Most of us are eager to do soand for good reasons. Loving someone brings so many joys and thrills and so much comfort... it can be fantastic. An unhappy marriage, however, can be terrible. Marriage is very different for different people. We don't know exactly how to make marriage be what we want it to be. Facts of marriage are usually confused with myths. There are many reasons why people are surprised by the actual experience of marriage. One of them is that most people have a poor idea of what day-to-day living in marriage is really like. Assumptions people make about marriage are often very different from reality. According to the textbook, there are five major myths about marriage that unfortunately many people believe. (Knox & Schacht, 1999) The first is, Our Marriage will be different (Knox & Schacht, 1999). Most people know married couples that are unhappy, fight, are bored, etc. This myth is the â€Å"it won’t happen to us† idea couples have usually before marriage. According to Knox and Schacht, this is dangerous because â€Å"many of us who enter marriage believing that it will be different for us blindly imitate the marriage patterns of others instead of making a conscious effort to manage our own relationship to make it as fulfilling as we expect it to be† (1999). The second myth about marriage is, We Will Make Each Other Happy. Even though your partner has some influence on your happiness, each partner has other life roles other than spouse (Knox & Schacht, 1999). These other roles can taint the interaction with one’s spouse. For example, if you have lost your job, it would make it very difficult for you to make your spouse happy. Knox and Schacht make a good point by saying. â€Å"Waiting for someone else to make ...

What is Sociologty and how does it differ from common sense essays

What is Sociologty and how does it differ from common sense essays What is Sociology and how does it differ from common sense? The Chambers dictionary definition of sociology is the study of the structure and functioning of human society. Human society and interactions have fascinated philosophers and social scientists for a very long time. However, the academic study of sociology is a fairly recent phenomenon. It was first defined by French philosopher Auguste Comte in the 1830s. He used it to describe his concept of a new science that would discover laws of human society resembling the laws of nature. It wasnt until the late 1880s that sociology was recognised as an academic discipline, when Emile Durkheim began teaching sociology at the Universities of Bordeaux and Paris. The greater interest in the structure of society is thought to have been provoked by increasing industrialisation, and certainly at the turn of the 20th Century, a large portion of sociological study and thought was focused in the USA, where immigration and mass industrialisation created a very interesting and exciting area of study. Society tends to have prescribed norms, and levels of acceptable behaviour which tend to change over time. Common sense is often how these are described, although most people tend not to acknowledge that our views of what is common sense are ever changing. For example, it was considered socially undesirable fifty years ago to be a single parent; now the vast majority of children in Britain are being raised in single parent households. It was also considered common sense that a child should be allowed to drink gin in the 19th century; now this is totally unacceptable. A common misconception is that women are instinctively nurturing, have a natural ability for parenting and are, except in very extreme cases (for example, of mental illness) incapable of violence towards their offspring. This is seen as common sense, with the vast majority of custody ca ...

Should I Go to a Rural, Urban, or Suburban College

Should I Go to a Rural, Urban, or Suburban College SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips The location of a school can have a big impact on your experience as a student. It’s important to be aware of your preferences and make sure you choose a college that lines up with what will make you happiest. In this article, I’ll give you some details on the characteristics of rural, urban, and suburban college environments so that you can decide which one sounds like the best fit for you. What Is a Rural College Environment Like? Rural colleges are colleges that are located in the country, often with access to wilderness areas and farms. Generally, a college is considered rural if its campus is in a town with a population of less than 25,000 people.These schools can provide great outdoor learning opportunities in fields like environmental science and agriculture. I attendedDartmouth College, which I would consider a rural schoolgivenits remote location in the small town of Hanover, NH. While there, I took a class called â€Å"Food and Power.† We got to go on a field trip to the organic farm that’s associated with the college and eat some delicious fresh asparagus. (Seriously, I didn’t know it was possible for asparagus to taste that good.)Students also had the opportunity to work on the farm and learn more about how food was grown, an experience that wouldn't be accessible in a city environment. Usually at rural colleges there will still be a small town of some kind nearby so you can buy basic necessities that aren’t available on campus.Rural colleges tend to be far from any major city centers, although some do provide busing for students to cities that are within a reasonable distance (e.g. a couple of hours away).Rural college campuses are often very self-contained, meaning that not many students will live off campus because there aren’t enough options! Most events will happen on campus since there are very few opportunities to go out to clubs or shows off-campus.For this reason, rural colleges will often bring free concerts and performances to their students.These can be pretty cool, and this state of affairsalso means that you’ll spend a lot less money on going out with your friends.The scenery and activities available can vary immensely depending on where a rural college is located. Some are near mountains with great skiing and hiking and some might be near lakes or nice biking trails. Examples of rural colleges include: Middlebury College Bucknell University Carleton College Bucknell University in either the spring or fall. I can't tell which it is. All I know is that those trees are showing a LOT of branch. Is a Rural College the Right Choice for You? Rural colleges are great for students who love the outdoors and want to be a part of a tight-knit community.If you prefer to go for a hike or hang out with your friends in a quieter setting rather than spend a night out on the town, a rural college may be right up your alley.Rural colleges are ideal for those who prefer a friendly, relaxed atmosphere where they will mainly be interacting with other college students.If the idea of living on campus for most or all of your time in college and sticking to the same few reliable options for entertainment and food doesn’t bother you, then you’ll probably like the atmosphere at a rural college. One drawback of this type of environment is that there might not be as many job or internship opportunities available in the immediate vicinity.However, this can also leave you more open to the possibility of traveling somewhere new and exciting for a summer internship or job rather than sticking around in the same area. Rural colleges will do their best to provide on-campus job opportunities for students who are interested. Another thing to keep in mind is the transportation situation at rural colleges. If you don't have a car, it's going to be difficult for you to get off campus. This can feel a little bit claustrophobic at times. Many schools do provide busing or access to local transportation systems, but it's much less convenient to get around without a car at a rural college. If you don't have a car, you will probably end up knowing someone with a car, though; it's typically not a huge issue unless you're set on driving home every weekend. What Is an Urban College Environment Like? Urban colleges are located in large cities (typically with populations of 200,000 or more).The layouts of urban college campuses can vary immensely; some are more self-contained in their own little bubbles, and some are spread throughout the city.If a campus is more spread out, the college often offers specialized public transportation shuttles for students or will provide students with passes to use on the city’s public transportationsystems.Urban college campuses are extremely variable depending on the city and neighborhood where they are located, so you'll need to visit the school and do some research before making too many assumptions about what the environment is actually like. In many cases, urban campuses will offer off-campus learning opportunities in the form of internships and classes that allow students to interact with the surrounding community.Since urban campuses have such a close proximity to so many company headquarters and job opportunities, they can be great places to start your internship search and get your foot in the door career-wise. Urban colleges will provide you with access to many off-campus entertainment options including museums, bars, clubs, concerts, movies, plays, and more.They also tend to attract a more diverse student body. Examples of urban colleges include: New York University Northeastern University UCLA The Northeastern University campus. Dat landscaping. Is an Urban College the Right Choice for You? If you’re all about being in an exciting setting with lots of events and diverse people, an urban college might be the place for you. Since students from a variety of different backgrounds tend to be drawn to schools in big cities, urban colleges usually have a less homogeneous student body than rural colleges.Urban colleges are good environments for outgoing students who like to explore and interact with all different types of people and cultures.There will always be something going on in the surrounding city, and you’ll be able to access pretty much any activity that interests you because of the breadth of experiences available.It’s likely that there will also be other college campuses nearby, so you might have more opportunities to meet and interact with students from other colleges. Overall, it's much easier to get around at urban colleges because you'll usually have access to a robust public transportation system. People will be able to visit you even if they don't have cars because of your central location. If you do have a car, you may run into some issues at an urban college because cars often become largely unnecessary, and it can be expensive to park. If you’re hoping to live off campus and get more of a taste of adult life in college, an urban college might be a good choice.You’ll have tons of choices for where you want to live as an upperclassman. Keep in mind, however, that you couldstill run into cost issues, especially in larger cities (looking at you, New York). High housing pricescan limit your choices and make dorm life a more realistic option.At an urban college, you also won’t be stuck with the school’s dining options or the limited number of restaurants that might be available at a college in a small town. If there’s a certain city that is a hot spot for a career field that interests you, you might consider attending an urban college in the area to do some networking. It's easier to make connections when you can meet up with potential employers face to face. What Is a Suburban College Environment Like? A suburban college is a college that’s located somewhere between the rural and urban college environment.These colleges may be in small cities, large towns, or residential areas near large cities with populations that number between 25,000 and 200,000.Suburban colleges will offer some of the qualities of both urban and rural schools depending on their proximity to cities and the layout of their campuses. Suburban college campuses tend to be self-contained like rural colleges, fostering a sense of community amongst students.However, students at suburban colleges will have more options for activities off campus in the surrounding area.Suburban campuses often provide students with access to both outdoor activities similar to those found at rural colleges and urban entertainment options such as the museums, concerts, and clubs mentioned above. In many cases, suburban colleges have strong ties to the towns in which they are located, meaning student discounts at local venues as well as more job and internship opportunities. Local transportation is often provided to students for easy access to activities in the area, but it may be less directly accessible than at urban schools. It can be useful to have a car at a suburban college, but it's usually not necessary for getting off campus. Examples of suburban colleges include: Pomona College University of Virginia Tufts University Pomona College, where you can't be sad unless you don't ever look outside. Is a Suburban College the Right Choice for You? If different aspects of both rural and urban colleges appeal to you, then the suburban college life might be a good fit.You may like being in the city to a certain degree, but you want to be able to get away that atmosphere sometimes and enjoy nature.Suburban colleges will give you many choices for how you want to spend your time outside of class. If you want to get off campus you can, but you can also choose to stay within the college bubble if that’s what makes you feel more comfortable.Depending on location, suburban colleges may offer more access to off-campus housing options for students.If you’re interested in living off-campus without being in the middle of a big, intimidating city, a suburban college could be a great choice. Conclusion Location and environment are very important factors to consider when choosing a college.Depending on your personality, you might be happier at a rural, urban, or suburban school.Rural campuses are great for students who want to experience the outdoors far from the hustle and bustle of city life and be a part of a very independent college community.Urban campuses might be a better fit for students who love to go out on the town, experience a wide variety of cultural events, and meet lots of new people outside of those who attend their same school.Suburban campuses present a mixture of both environments; if aspects of both rural and suburban colleges appeal to you, a suburban college might be the way to go. Remember that this is just one factor that you should think about in your college search!Read my guide on how to choose a college to help you start brainstorming your preferences and researching schools. What's Next? You've probably heard of safety schools and reach schools, but how should you go about choosing them for yourself? Read more about how to decide on the bestsafety schools and reach schools in these articles. Another important way that colleges are categorized is by their status as public or private institutions. Find out what each type of school offers and whether one might be a better fit for you. Going to a college that's far away from your hometown can be a tough transition, but it's a great experience for many students. Learn about the pros and cons of going to school out of state. Want to improve your SAT score by 160points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Rationale for Collaboration of Rival Firms Essay

Rationale for Collaboration of Rival Firms - Essay Example For him there is no tension between competition policy that allows collaboration and intellectual property rights and antitrust laws. On the contrary, the competition policy based on pure economic reasoning will at the same time promote innovation of new ideas and new ways of doing things and the firms that facilitate these innovations will reap a great benefit in the process. This type of competition policy also seek to promote co-operation between firms so as to pull funds and ideas together to accelerate economic development which otherwise could have been dragged due to barriers to innovation and the perception of sole ownership of innovative ideas (Teece, 1986, p.297). As widely taken, competition policy affects the very fabrics of competition and business behaviour. The U.S economy impressive performance is linked to the competition that promoted innovations through antitrust policies such as patent rights, intellectual property right, and copyright just to mention a few. The assurance that whatever one invent have a right to enjoy the fruits of it for a given duration of time have been the motivation drive towards more innovation and large investment in R&D. Although the competition policy is seen as in conflict with patents and copy right laws, both works to stimulate innovation and subsequent commercialisation of technologies. Competition policy requires a firm to deal with its competitor through 'essential facilities' doctrine and 'reasonable royalty'. This invites the negotiations that may lead to mergers, license or even joint ventures and alliances. These are rationale of collaboration by rival firms thus improving global economy in the long run (Buckley and Casson, 1988, p.48). Competition policy can be used... The researcher states that competitive markets are widely viewed as major drivers in fostering innovation. Competition regimes are conducive environment for innovation as companies learn from each other various techniques and strategies to improve their service delivery and products from their rivals in order to survive in the market. Nevertheless, global partners impact in bring a change in market structure might be a great impetus to economic growth and the rate of innovation to the countries involved in a global arena in general. The countries therefore are advised to make reasonable and strategic competition policies that allow for a certain degree of collaboration and partnering with rival firms. From the analysis, that was presented in the essay, it is clear that global competition attracts some kind of partnership from the rival firms. Firms’ collaboration promotes innovation as well as creativity and thus propelling global economic growth. The rationality behind collab oration of rival firms is to undertake such projects that require a huge capital and technical investments a single firm cannot be able to sustain. The cooperation is in such a way that each firms will at the end reap some benefits through a well regulated antitrust policy. We have also seen that not all cooperation is meant for the greater good of the society. In conclusion, the researcher states that rival firms collaboration promotes global competition while at the same time it can be anti-competition.

Homework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 46

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Article Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Article Analysis - Essay Example According to this method of costing, there are only two parameters needed : the cost of time per unit of supplying resource capacity and the unit times of consumption of resource capacity by products, services, and customers. The author argues that this approach is better since it can be applied even to complex transactions in a large company since more precise cost-driver rates can be determined due to unit times. Therefore, estimating the resource cost per unit for different variables such as cost per cubic meter or cost per megabyte can be ascertained. In addition to this, the article presents the advantage of the new method over the traditional ABC by assuming that employees or machines do not always operate in full capacity thereby presenting a more realistic computation of costs. Because of this, the manager can make important decisions on maximizing the unused or unfulfilled capacity which may mean putting off capitalization to a later time until everything is fully efficient or productive. Another important argument that this article presents is that Time Driven Activity Based Costing can be updated. This enables the management to review the costs according to existing conditions. Kaplan, R. Anderson S. ( 2005 ) Rethinking Activity Based Costing,excerpt from "Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing," Harvard Business Review, Vol. 82, No. 11, November 2004.Retrieved from http://hbswk.hbs.edu/item/4587.html on May 10,

Cooperative system Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Cooperative system - Assignment Example Unless employees are satisfied, they can not display competence in their work, and this in turn, hinders their performance. Hence, they can not play their respective roles in achieving organizational objectives, thus lowering the effectiveness. Therefore, the two terms are relational. The statement of Bernard is extremely relevant to the contemporary business scenario. In the modern age of increased competition, business entrepreneurs are looking for ways to gain competitive advantage over their parallels in the market. In these circumstances, it is imperative that they understand the relation between effectiveness and efficiency, because unless they improve their efficiency, they can be outshined by more efficient competitors. The statement of Bernard is also, quite useful for a manager given it is fundamentally a manager’s responsibility to take measures to improve the efficiency of workers in an organization. In order to achieve the ultimate organizational goals, managers n eed to address the problem at the grass root level and improve the employees’ efficiency by addressing their individualistic concerns.

Utilitarian Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Utilitarian - Case Study Example In utilitarianism, ethical behavior implies acting in the interests of the larger group, even if one must sacrifice one’s own interests to do so, just as Posner did in the film. The welfare of the group matters not the individual. According to Mill, higher pleasures are logical or intellectual while lower pleasures are concerned with the physical needs. The role of pleasure is to provide happiness. Showing compassion for the society helps an individual care for the community in which he or she lives. Compassion is very significant to an individual in that it makes them realize the meaning and purpose of life, which is to be happy. This is because since every person wants to be happy, they will do anything to avoid misery and suffering. Virtues are important because they help human beings to derive pleasure in their actions, have uniformity in the way they act, and act promptly which in turn will result to peaceful co-existence, thus everybody will be happy about the life they live. Posner is following the principle of act utilitarianism in that he desires to die so that he does not cause financial constrain to his family. John Stuart Mill would support this principle because it aims to produce the greatest happiness for the greatest

Environmental Health Historical Prespective Research Paper

Environmental Health Historical Prespective - Research Paper Example Chemicals are the most critical factors that policy makers need to address because consumers may not control their intake. The lack of control results from the fact that consumers are hardly aware of the chemicals they consume from commercially produced products. Consumption of high levels of chemicals may cause diseases such as breast cancer, which have not found a cure since the evolution of mankind. Rachel Carson, an environmentalist was the first woman to create awareness of the negative effects of environmental factors such as chemicals. Rachel was concerned with the relationship between health and environment because she was a victim of breast cancer that is caused by consumption of chemicals (Carson, 2012). Environmental pollution that results from spraying of insecticides, and pesticide is one of the major factors that produces negative effects on health. This is proven by the study conducted by Silent Spring to find out the effects of pollution on health. The study found out that when human beings inhale air that contains chemicals, they are likely to contract cancerous diseases such as prostate and breast cancer. The institution compared the spread of breast cancer among women of Cape Cod, an area that grows cranberries with other regions in Massachusetts. The regions were chosen because growers of cranberries in Cape Cod often spray their farms to prevent pests from destroying their crops; while the rest of Massachusetts does not practice farming, hence consumers in these regions inhale uncontaminated air (Carson, 2012). The research found out that the rate of spread of breast cancer in Cape Cod is fifteen percent higher than that of other regions. The breast cancer results from estrogen compounds that lead to the growth of tumors in the human body. Human beings do not have the capability to control consumption of chemicals in the environment thus, the government should take measures to control air pollution because this reduces the negative conseque nces of the act (Van Holle, Deforche, Van Cauwegan, Goubert, Maes, Van, & De Bourdeaudhuji, 2012). The chemical products that affect the health of human beings may also be found in consumer products such as food and cosmetics (Schakowsky, & Markey, 2013). The products are made of various components, and some of them may disrupt the hormonal balance of the human body leading to cancer. Satura is an example of a cosmetic product that was developed in 1956, and it contains an estrogen compounds that causes breast cancer. Tobacco is another product that harms anyone who comes into contact with the smoke together with the direct consumer. The smoke from this product leads to discomfort on persons who inhale it, and it causes lung cancer. Consumers may prevent the negative consequences of these products by avoiding their intake; however, some manufacturers do not disclose all the chemical composition of their products (Harlid, Butt, Ivarsson, Eyfjord, Lenner, Manjer, & Carlson, 2012). Thi s means that the government should intervene through policies that ban the sale of chemicals that are harmful to the human body. The reduction of consumption of chemical products leads to improvement in the health of a nation’s population (Geoffrey, & Cockerham, 2010). This phenomenon has been proven by a research conducted by the United States center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The institution conducted several researches

Utilitarian Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Utilitarian - Case Study Example In utilitarianism, ethical behavior implies acting in the interests of the larger group, even if one must sacrifice one’s own interests to do so, just as Posner did in the film. The welfare of the group matters not the individual. According to Mill, higher pleasures are logical or intellectual while lower pleasures are concerned with the physical needs. The role of pleasure is to provide happiness. Showing compassion for the society helps an individual care for the community in which he or she lives. Compassion is very significant to an individual in that it makes them realize the meaning and purpose of life, which is to be happy. This is because since every person wants to be happy, they will do anything to avoid misery and suffering. Virtues are important because they help human beings to derive pleasure in their actions, have uniformity in the way they act, and act promptly which in turn will result to peaceful co-existence, thus everybody will be happy about the life they live. Posner is following the principle of act utilitarianism in that he desires to die so that he does not cause financial constrain to his family. John Stuart Mill would support this principle because it aims to produce the greatest happiness for the greatest

Harmful Things Essay Example for Free

Harmful Things Essay Mobile Dont put your mobile closer to your ears until the recipient answers, Because directly after dialing, the mobile phone would use its maximum signaling power, which is: 2watts = 33dbi. Please Be Careful. Please use left ear while using cell (mobile), because if you use the right one it may affect brain directly. This is a true fact from pollo medical team. 2) APPY FIZZ Do not drink APPY FIZZ . It contains cancer causing agent. 3) Mentos Dont eat Mentos before or after drinking Coke or Pepsi coz the person will die immediately as the mixture becomes cyanide. Please fwd to whom u care 4) Kurkure Dont eat kurkure because it contains high amount of plastic if U dont Believe burn kurkure n u can see plastic melting. Please forward to all!!!!!!!!! !! News report from Times of India 5) Avoid these tablets as they are very dangerous * D cold * Vicks action- 500 * Actified * Coldarin * Co some * Nice * Nimulid * Cetrizet-D They contain Phenyl- Propanol -Amide PPA. Which Causes strokes, and these tablets are banned in U. S. 6) Cotton Ear Buds Cotton Ear Buds (Must read it) Please do not show sympathy to people selling buds on roadside or at Signals.. Just wanted to warn you people not to buy those Packs of ear buds you get at the roadside. Its made From cotton that has already been used in hospitals. They take all the dirty, blood and pus filled cotton, wash it, Bleach it and use it to make ear buds. So, unless you want to become the first person in the world to get Herpes Zoster Oticus (a viral infection of the inner, middle, and external ear) of the ear and that too from a cotton bud, DONT BUY THEM! Please forward to all this may be helpful for Someone.. . Please forward to all your near and dear Ones.!

Democracy Is A Political System Politics Essay

Democracy Is A Political System Politics Essay Nowadays we can always hear the word democracy in everywhere. What is actually democracy. Democracy is a political system which involves multiparty elections, representative government and also freedom of speech. In other words, we can say that it is a form of government that the citizens are directly or indirectly participate in the state ruling. The citizens in democratic countries have the equality and freedom in social, religion, culture and economic. They are also allowed to elect the state representatives whom they more preferable through elections. Origins of democracy can be traced back to the Greek of sixth century B.C. The word originated from the combination of two Greek words, demos which means the people and kratein means to rule. This system was first appeared in the Greeks politics in the city state of Athens. Cleisthenes was the one who started this democratic system. He was known as the father of Athenian democracy. The Greeks seen dictatorship as the worst form of government, so they evolved to a totally opposite system which is democracy. The political system in Greek was the true perfect democracy in our worlds history. The Greeks civilization was broken down into smaller city-states with small population. The citizens were directly involved in the state government. The citizens were selected randomly to occupy the seats in government, judiciary offices and legislative assembly. They voted on all issues through regular assembly which means that they actually controlled the entire politics of their state. Although t his was a total democracy system, women and slaves were excluded from the system. They were not considered as the citizens and not allowed to vote. Male below 20 and foreigners were also not counted. The idea of democracy was implemented in the politics of Roman but with some different extent. The Roman Empire took the democracy concept from the Greeks government but they were representative democracy. Their system actually worked in the way which had representatives from the wealthy and noble families in the Senate and representatives from the commoners in the Assembly. The Roman Statesman, Cicero was one of the politicians who fond of democracy. In Athens, the right for individual was not secured by the Greeks constitution. In the ancient Greeks, there was no word for right. They were just enjoyed the liberties which not opposed to the government but also not subject themselves to the rules of another person. Cicero suggested that all people have certain rights that should be preserved. He and other political philosophers of the time taught that governmental and political power should come from the people. After the trend of democracy was started by the Greeks and carried on by the Romans, it has been seen in many later governmental systems throughout history. Today modern democracy imitates the Roman model more than the Greeks model as the people believe that there has to be an elected leader or representative. The democratic ideas in the Middle Ages were started to be understood by the people and instituted through Christian. Christianity taught the people that men are all equal. This thinking was deeply ingrained into the society of Middle Ages. In 1215 , the Magna Carta started a more democratic system in England. English Parliament was created, the written laws held a higher power than the king, thereby limiting the power of the Royal family and giving some of that power to the people. The power of Parliament increased in stages over the succeeding centuries. Parliament gradually gained more power until the monarch became largely a figurehead. In North America, the English Puritans who migrated from colonies in New England whose governance was democratic contributed to the democratic development of the United States. (Barr, Rankin, Baird) Most of the countries tend to be democratic due to several reasons. On the path to modern democracy, the American Revolution and the French Revolution were some of the major events. In America, the pursue of democracy was the Declaration of Independence in 1776 which was written by Thomas Jefferson. While in France, the people overthrew the king and set their right to liberty, property, security and resistance to oppression. In the following years, revolution began to rise up against monarchy and the democracy government started to develop all around the world. With the growing success of democracy in the United States and in other countries throughout the world, democracy became more and more popular. In this 21st century, there are 25 countries listed as full democracy according to Democracy Index 2011. The examples are United Kingdom, United States, New Zealand and so on. While there are another 53 countries are categorized under Flawed democracy such as Malaysia, Thailand, Slovakia and many others. Although democracy is said to be the best political system, there are still countries which practice authoritarianism or even totalitarianism due to the conditions of their countries. Many forms of Government have been tried and will be tried in this world of sin and woe. No one pretends that democracy is perfect or all-wise. Indeed, it has been said that democracy is the worst form of government except all those other forms that have been tried from time to time, said by Winston Churchill during the speech in the House of Commons on 11th November 1947. One of the issues of democracy is freedom of assembly. Freedom of assembly is forming of associations and organizations gather together peacefully in order to protect their human right. Freedom of assembly is usually occurs as there are some displeasure among the people which have mutual interest and goals. There are some country like Canada, France, India, and United States allows their citizen have freedom of assembly. Under freedom of assembly, people have the right to having public meetings as it does not influence public safety and usually some fees is need in order to get the permits. By having the right to assembly, people can gather in a group sharing and debating on certain issue and exchanging their opinion as long as there are not create any disturbance to the society. (Smith) However, there also still have communist countries such as China, Laos, and North Korea except from given their citizen freedom of assembly. The political system in China is totally different from de mocracy as they are strongly emphasis on total control to their people. Therefore, there was group of people wishing to organize demonstration during the 2008 Summer Olympics. (Gammon, 2012) We have choose freedom of assembly to be discuss in our assignment as this topic seems to become one of the hot political issues discuss by the citizens and the same goes to politicians in our country as well as other countries. Our fourth prime minister, Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohammad also gave his own opinion to the issue. There are few points to support his opinion. Government must liable to a minority group and same goes to majority group. When there is full freedom given to people will form issues on other will lose their freedom as they are encroached by the freedom one. Government will loss control their citizen as they are given fully freedom. Although it is good to giving the right for people assembly but it cannot use as a force to the government as it will influence the quality of decision they make. (Freedom of assembly should have limits, says Dr Mahathir, 2012) Although the citizens have the rights to assemble freely, there is also a law to restrict them. The Peaceful Assembly Act 2012 (PAA) is the law introduced on year 2012 in order to handle the demonstrations or public protest in Malaysia. (Lim, 2012). This Act contains 27 Sections and 4 Schedules to provide restrictions deemed necessary or expedient relating to the right to assemble peacefully and without arms in the interest of the security of the Federation or public order. This act has replaced the Section 27 of Police Act. The permit of police for mass assemblies is no longer needed. (Gathering in Peace, 2011) Maina Kiai, a Kenyan lawyer who is a United Nations of special rappoteur said that it is important to have freedom of assembly to give chance for the citizens to voice out their opinion. However, he criticized that the Peaceful Assembly Act (PAA) is more toward control instead of facilitating the assembly. (UN special rapporteur pans Peaceful Assembly Act, 2012). Besides, thi s PAA is being opposed by the Bar council, civil leaders and also the opposition. In Malaysia, there are few cases such as LYNAS and BERSIH relevant to the freedom of assembly. Same goes to other country like United States and Taiwan. In United States, there are thousands of people gathered in Wall Street, New York in order to oppose their government to protect their own economic interest as their government just support system reward for rich class people. Besides, there are demonstrations named Million Voices against Corruption, President Chen Must Go led by Taiwan politician, Shih Ming Te. The purpose of the protest is pressured the President Chen Shui Bian to resign due to the corruption. These cases will be further discuss in the following parts. 2.0 Rally In Malaysia 2.1 Case 1: Bersih 2.0 Bersih 2.0 also shows the individual right such as human right, political right and civil liberty. The  Bersih 2.0 rally was a demonstration that held at Kuala Lumpur on 9th July 2011 to protest for  free and fair elections. Bersih demonstration was agitated to build a better electoral system that will enable Malaysia to elect a better future leader. Bersih also known as Walk for Democracy. There were around 20,000 to 50,000 people attended the Bersih 20.0 rally. The rally was organised by the Coalition for Clean and Fair Election. Why did Bersih establish? What did they want and what were their objectives? There were 8 demands that claim by the Bersih. These demands have also become the objectives of Bersih that successfully injected into all Malaysians mindset. The 8 objectives were shown below: Clean the electoral roll The electoral roll is spoiled due to some irregularities such as deceased person or multiple persons registered under a single address. Therefore, the electoral roll must be updated from time to time. Next, Bersih 2.0 also demand that Election Commission (EC) to implement an automated voter registration system to prevent any irregularities. Reform postal ballot The current postal ballot has to be reformed to make sure that all nations are able to vote includes Malaysians citizen that living abroad, police, military and civil servants. Use indelible ink Indelible ink should be used in all elections to prevent voter fraud. In the past, voters may accidentally smudge the ballot paper with ink, and hence casing the ballot paper to be invalid. Other countries such as Afghanistan, Egypt and Iraq also practice using this kind of ink. Minimum 21 days campaign period A longer campaign are able to provide more time for voters to gather information, more time to consider and more time to vote. Free and fair excess to media Bersih 2.0 suggests that EC press on all media agencies such as radio, television, newspaper and magazine to promote the objectives for all parties. Strengthen public institution Public institutions must act independently, uphold laws and protect human rights as Malaysia is a democratic country. Stop corruption Bersih 2.0 insists to end corruption. The only way is serious action is taken against all allegation of corruption, such as vote buying. Stop dirty politics Bersih 2.0 demands to wipe out all dirty political parties and politicians in order to build a better society and country. 2.1.1 What were the governments views on this and what actions they have taken? On 2nd July 2011, Barisan Nasional government has announced that Bersih was an illegal organization because it is a convergence of Non-Government Organization (NGO) group whereby it formed by many registered group who come together and share the same agenda and purpose. Therefore, they were not allowed to do any demonstration. During that day, Malaysians polices claimed that they vowed to stop any illegal rallies in which without police permission. At first, Bersih planned to march through the streets of Kuala Lumpur with some propaganda such as Walk of democracy, We want fair democracy, We hate the Government, Say no to Corruption, Reformasi and others more, but then Bersih decided to congregate at Merdeka stadium to have a peaceful demonstration. No one was out to throw stones, burns cars and injuries which result in Bersih rally 1.0 in 2007. However, the protestors were still not able to gather successfully at Merdeka Stadium because many of the people were forced by the police who were heavily deployed throughout the city. Police act violently by arresting around 1,600 peaceful demonstrators, hurling tear gas and firing water canon directly towards protestors just to stop the Bersih 2.0 gathering in the stadium. There was a case that a 56-years-old man, which is a participant of Bersih 2.0 and also a protestor, collapsed near the Petronas Towel while fleeing tear gas and was announced dead later in hospital. Next, many protestors were beaten by the police and officers of the Federal Reserve Unit to suppress mass public assembly. It also found out that the police fired tear gas near the hospital compound which put the health of patient at risk. Bersih 2.0 results that almost all protestors arrested during 9th July 2011 now have been released without charge. But there are still 40 people facing prosecution. For those protestors who caught wearing Bersih T-shirts have been charged under Section 49 of the Societies Act for possession of illegal material. 2.1.2 Oppositions stand The opposition, Pakatan Rakyat which comprises Democratic Action Party (DAP), The Peoples Justice Party (PKR) and Parti Islam Malaysia (PAS) has expressed their approval to the Bersih 2.0. In their opinion, it is a new way for Malaysian to voice out their dissatisfaction on corruption and to tell the government not to rig the election again and again. Lim Guan Eng, the secretary-general of DAP said that DAP has reiterated its support to the Bersih 2.0s eight demands. Besides, DAP strongly condemned the actions and warnings by the government, especially Dewan Bandaraya Kuala Lumpur, to ban this peaceful sit-in protest by instilling fear of untoward incidents (Chooi, 2012). He also mentioned that it is time to ensure a bright and clean future for free from fear. Apart of this, PAS also gave their full support to the rallty. Their president, Datuk Seri Tuan Guru Abdul Hadi Awang has urged all the party members to take part in the Bersih 2.0 for demanding a real free and fair election. Nearly all of the leaders from opposition parties joined the rally on 9th July but most of them were arrested on the spot. 2.1.3 NGOs stand Overall, there were 24 non-gvernment organizations (NGO) which expressed their objection towards Bersih because they felt that it may cause chaos. They also declared about the stubbornness of the organizer which backed by the opposition to involve in the demonstration. Some of the NGO that against Bersih include Yayasan Pendidikan Cheras (YPC), Persatuan Teksi Eksekutif Malaysia, Persatuan Penjaja Kuala Lumpur, Pertubuhan Suarakan Kehendak Rakyat Malaysia (Sedar) and Pertubuhan Gerakan Memartabat Pejuang Negara Malaysia. Next, the NGOs also submit a memorandum to the Home Ministry to act against the organizers who support Bersih. There is a case in Kampar, Perak where the president of Malaysian Youth Council (MYC) Mohamad Maliki Mohamed Rapiee claimed that the council would take action towards the members who take part in the gathering. We urge youths to guard against being influenced to participate in the gathering, he told the reporters. However, there are also some of the NGO which support Bersih. For example, All Womens Action Society (AWAM), Federation of Malaysian Indian Organisations (PRIMA), Persatuan hak asasi manusia (hakam) and Womens Aid Organisation.The participants that support Bersih are required to wear yellow clothes or yellow items. 2.1.4 The role of mainstream media The mainstream media which were controlled by the government have not focused their report on the rally. Like TV1, TV2 or TV3, it was very hard to find out the detail about the rally on their news, even the print media also hided some truths. It has made Malaysians disappointed and has felt the rate of media freedom was down-grading. 2.2 Case 2: anti-Lynas protest Another example which shows the individual right which includes human right, political right and civil liberty in Malaysia is Lynas cases. The Lynas Corporation Limited (LYC)  is a rare earth mining company from Australia. It mainly focused to become a global rare earths producer and supplier by focus on RED (Rare Earths Direct) branding. Their main asset is Mt Weld rare earths deposit in Western Australia. They digging the rare earth ore from ground at Mt Weld, then process a bit at Laverton and tricking to Fremantle. Lastly, it will be shipping to Gebeng Industrial Estate, Pahang, Malaysia. for the final process. The product, which means the rare earth oxides, will be selling to other country such as America. Why Malaysia has been chosen to be the destination to further process of the rare earth ore into rare earth oxide rather than in Australia? Actually, Lynas came to Malaysia is based on economic reasons and also its proximity to customers. The availability of cheap skilled and unskilled labour, chemicals and fresh water make the company choose Malaysia. It also makes better business sense to be close to global customer because they meet all the regulations and approval to build Lynas plant in Australia. 2.2.1 The reason of having rally Remove of radioactive element from the rare earth mineral by Lynas processing plant in Pahang can produce those electronics such as  iPhones, iPads, hybrid cars and wind turbines. In result, the remaining will become as a dangerous waste which resulting in a humongous amount of radioactive to be released in form of gas, liquid and solids. The bad effect all disposed in Malaysia, and cause nothing toward Australia country and thus make most of the Malaysian assemble to against the approval of government. This action makes a strong rebound from most of the Malaysia citizen. The trust of Malaysian towards government was spoiled and might cause political risk in Malaysia. Voters will tend to vote against the ruling party during election held every five years. Besides, Australians are becoming quietly  hated  by Malaysians. (Ryan, 2012) The aim of the anti-Lynas campaigns and demonstrations formed is most of the Malaysian want to expel Lynas out from Malaysia. On their opinion, this Lynas plant will bring a lot of bad effect which includes humans health and also destroy the environment. They stand out and assemble together to speak out their view and hope the government will be further consider about the built of a uncontrollable time bomb within the country. 2.2.2 Oppositions stand The Secretary-General of the Malaysian Democratic Action Party (DAP), Lim Guan Eng has opposed the build of Lynas. That the BN government has no hesitation to issue the TOL to Lynas even before the general election showed its commitment towards Lynas and profits over the peoples health, he said (Guan Eng: Vote out BN to shut Lynas plant, 2012). He claimed that the government did not concern about the bad effect for citizen that caused by this Lynas plant while just concern about the profit of the country gained. 2.2.3 The views of NGOs For some of the non-government organization which is involved in developing the states business and entrepreneurial sectors, they actually supported the approval of the government that allowed the Lynas built within the country (LYNAS PLANT: Study can silence opponents, 2011). It is because they were more concern about the economy of the country. They thought that the Lynas project did not have harmful health risks based on the evident from the feedback that have been received from local entrepreneurs which were involved in the plant from the start (Lim, 2012) . But for some other non-government organization, for example, Pusat Komunikasi Masyarakat (KOMAS), Center Policy Initiative (CPI) and Lawyers For Liberty (LFL), they opposed the Lynas by supporting the Save Malaysia Stop Lynas (SMSL) to immediately delay the license issued to Lynas and to limit any shipment of rare earth ore concentrate into Malaysia. 2.2.4 The governments actions The police usually use tear-gas grenade to deploy the protesters. The protesters really dissatisfied with the actions of the government that are trying to ignore and prevent them to resist the decision that they have made. They claimed that government has not listening to the people at all. 2.2.5 The effect of the rally As a result, the citizens have assembled for at least five times to oppose the build of Lynas plant. This create riot within Malaysia and it shows unstable of the country. But from other view, it shows that all the citizen have their right to oppose government decision. Citizens have their authority to evaluate the decision which make by the government. Is the Lynas plant will bring more advantages or disadvantages? This is an intricacy question for all of the Malaysian. Every people have their own view to make their decision. Citizen can speak out what they need, what they think and what they want. It is one of the characteristic of democracy country which strongly shows that the freedom of people. 3.0 Rally in foreign countries 3.1 Freedom of assemble in United States The right of the people peaceably to assemble for the purpose of petitioning Congress for a redress of grievances, or for anything else connected with the powers or the duties of the National Government, is an attribute of national citizenship, and, as such, under the protection of, and guaranteed by, the United States. The very idea of a government, republican in form, implies a right on the part of its citizens to meet peaceably for consultation in respect to public affairs and to petition for a redress of grievances.  (Supreme Court, United States v. Cruikshank, 1876) .In America, governments are accepting the people to have freedom of speech and religion; they have the rights or freedom of assembly to voice their opinion out to the government. They have rights to resist the commands of government they deem wrong or unreasonable. In United States, government officials cannot prohibit all demonstrations in public forums during controversial events. Police only can have a protecti on to avoid the violence happen during the event for the interest of public. The official cannot refuse the constitutional rights for protesting on public streets, public parks, and other public venue. People can have a demonstration outside a federal courthouse but the leader needs to discuss their plan with the U. S. Marshall. This shows US country is democratic to accept the view of citizen. The government may not restrict the actual content of speech place, and manner of speech. When the people face by law enforcement, they still need to obey their orders even people believe their action is improper. In large protest activity, people can have fair legal observers to be present. Legal observers cannot participate in the demonstration, but they only can go under some action by demonstrators and by law enforcement. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ The right to peaceable assembly is a right cognate to those of free speech and free press and is equally fundamental. (Supreme Court,  De Jonge v. Stat e of Oregon, 1937). Assembly is a way that people show support for an idea or dispute from the government. America that support the democracy not only promote for people freedom or worker right, it also create a more stable and blooming arena which United State can get its national interest. Citizen creates a non-government organization (NGO) or interest group loyal to single issues. The NGO will be an effective way to focus people interest in the country. The group use to demand something and politicians generally listen. 3.1.1 Tea Party movement (USA) For example, tea party movement in United State is one of the organizations or parties represent the voice of people. They try to oppose the high taxation, immigration and government intervention in private sector. Speaking by the floor of Chicago Mercantile Exchange, Santelli heatedly stated that the bailout would subsidize the losers mortgages and proposed a Chicago Tea Party to protest government intervention in the housing market. Tea party uses the power of social media such as Facebook to coordinate the protest event. This prove that the country is under the free mass media, people can have their individual right to share the information or news about protest government. The first action of tea party movement was a nationwide series of assembly on April 15, 2009, more than 250,000 people take part this protest event. Tea means Taxed Enough Already. All the party members at congressional town hall meetings to protest the proposed reforms to the American health care system. 3.1.2 Occupy Wall Street American people are trying to against the financial mafia that taken their country and protect their own economic interest by taking people welfare and lives. They are fight for truth democracy, people empowerment, an equality and fair society. Citizen in United State voice the dissatisfied that they have keep in silence for long. Citizens hope their government can have a real change that they can believe in, the right of people are not trampled under the feet of money and power-wielding financial elite of the Wall Street silk. The movement, thousands of people gathered on September 17 in Wall Street, New York which is the centre of American banking and finance industry started the Occupy wall Street . The movement has now spread to other cities across the United States and inside the U.S. and across the world has got the attention of people. The system of government that unfair and unjust to the citizen cause they feel despair toward the government. In economics of US, the system an d government only support system reward the people in super rich class and ignore the middle class and the poor. The inequality of national wealth distribution and people income in United State are worse than other country. Since 2008, economic condition of USA has a sharp turn for worse. The middle class of American are stay in high rate of unemployment, rising cost of living and decreasing incomes. The political system of American increasingly failing short of challenge of the time and this cause the government cannot give an effective solution to the problem that face by American and America. For example, Obamas job creation plan which broke to pieces as a result of the Republican-Democrat animosity. The high unemployment level in United State cause destruction of people, families and some Americans who cannot even afford their daily food spend. American people against the financial mafia because the acknowledged fact is that the growth and rise in power of finance capital over the years particularly in the U.S. has meant that the whole economies and societies have been taken hostage by a predatory financial oligarchy. In Middle East, people are against their oppressive dictatorships. In United State, their government, economic, society and their very lives are taken as a hostage and this are now against by people. They are fight for individual right, social and economic equality. 3.1.3 Non- government organization stance toward the America protest activity U.S. and international NGOs (non-government organization) actually represent every conceivable political cause, religion, social issue, and interest group. About 1.5 million NGO operate in United State. NGO in America are engage in some activity such as election, women rights and economic development. NGOs always feel they cannot ignore the immediate practical problems of people in their policy domain. Human rights NGOs and womens NGOs will end up having programs to assist the victims of discrimination and injustice. Some of the NGO are support people to have rights of protest government activity. For example, the tea party government also involved the Occupy Walk Street to support the people fight for their economic interest. 3.1.4 Effect of media to protest activity Media is one of the things that can influence the democracy of America. Ask by a sociologist Herbert Gans, What can Journalists actually do for American Democracy? the point of journalism to journalist is an important thing to democracy. The role of democratic journalist is to inform citizen and allow more citizen participate politically because the more participate of citizen will come out a more democracy country. The journalist only can show the truth of politic to the citizen. But the tea party in the United State is criticizing the media of country try to coverage the Occupy Wall Street protest activity. Media are try to ignore negative point of the Occupy Wall Street protests while it play up suspicious charges against conservative activists last year. The co-founders of the Tea Party Patriots Mark Mecker say that when the tea party protest begins, they are ridicule, ignored and attack by the media. Media are using Astroturf, fringe, racists and Nazis word to describe them. Fro m this event, we can know that sometime United State also will have a limit freedom of media because they want to cover the bad image of America to other country or citizen. 3.2 The Million Voices against Corruption, President Chen Must Go protest in Taiwan In Taiwan, there was a protest named Million Voices against Corruption, President Chen Must Go in 2006 which led by Shih Ming Te, the former Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) chairman, to pressure President Chen Shui Bian to resign due to corruption. President Chen and the DPP came to power in 2000 promising reform and an end to money politics, or black gold, after more than half a century of one party rule by the Kuomintang (Gluck, 2006). However, lots of his supporters were disappointed as there are scandals that indicated his son-in-law, Chao Chien Ming, was accused of insider trading. The same year, his wife, Wu Shu Chen, was charged with corruption and forgery. It was proven that she had wired $21million in campaign funds to banks in Singapore, Switzerland and the Cayman Islands, There were charges that Chen himself had misused his authority as well (the Editors of Publications International, 2007). 3.2.1 Peoples responses The mass protest was obviously fully backed up by Taiwanese. It can be seen when Shih has decided to launch a fundraising campaign to finance for the rally, a lot of people gave their quick response and donated a symbolic NT$100 as requested. Within six working days, more than a million people signed up to support him (Gluck, 2006). The speed and scale are surprised to everybody, including Shih. On 9 September 2006, the rally started in front of the Presidential Building. The protesters dressed in red to highlight their anger, gestured thumb down and chanted Ah Bian step down! to show their disapproval and dissatisfaction. The organizers said that more than 200,000 people had joined the rally but the police put the number at 90,000. They also said that the protest was the first mass grassroots movement to remove a president that had not been organized by ma